Alternative Approaches to Slowing Global Warming Essay

Alternative Approaches to subnormality Global Warming - Essay ExampleThis theme offers a thorough review of the article To Tax or Not to Tax Alternative Approaches to Slowing Global Warming, written by William D. Nordhaus. The article written by the author is a worldwide study and compend of the various issues relating to spherical warming from an scotch point of view.The articlewas written to find out, how a control by the government on the public goods would help to combat the problem of global warming.The diametrical control mechanisms which are either price controls or quantity controls have undergone a thorough compend in the article. Along with that the various prospects and the setbacks that the government face relating to these controls have also been discussed by the author.The scientific analysis of the problems of global warming has been provided. This is a constructive approach which would help the contributor understand why thither is a necessity for the control of contamination. An outline of the source of the problems has been discussed. The issue of climatic changes has been explained with the help of suitable fonts.The reader can understand that the emission of various industrial gases are the reasons why the atmosphere around the nation is getting polluted and how it is linked to the changes in the climate. Although the scientists had made the world aware about the negative consequences of global warming a long time back, countries have been instrumental in taking formal actions notwithstanding at a later stage. In this context the author has govern forward the example of get together States. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change is the body that started its functioning with the Kyoto Protocol in 2005. The framework was adopted by the participating industrialized countries where the emissions take place the most. The European Emissions Trading intention was an attempt made by the countries of the European Un ion to tackle the problems of Carbon dioxide emissions in the countries with the implementation of the economic principles (European Environment Agency 11). However, according to the author the Kyoto Protocol had major problems because there was very little telescope for inclusion of the other countries. The United States also did not participate in the treaty which acted as a major setback for the success of the mission. The treaty also suffered a failure because the growth in the industrial enterprise took place in the countries that did not come under the purview of the treaty. This is a valid argument put forward by the author because each schemes that are being adopted by the countries have to be remodeled with time. Unless all the countries come forward and participate, a global issue cannot be countered only by a few nations. Therefore Nordhaus posited that the nations did not do enough in the initial stage to combat the pollution levels of their respective countries. Ther efore the article does a detailed analysis of the Kyoto Protocol and also tries to look for an alternate(a) solution in case of non viability of the former. The author has presented the first section of the article with global public goods, an example of which is the phenomenon of global warming. The author has describes these goods as those which affect the entire world and are not specific to any country. The global public goods are becoming more prominent with time because of the extensive of use of technology. This facsimile of global warming is somewhat not appropriate because it is a result of production or role of a good and therefore should be considered as a negative externality rather

Financial Statement Analysis-Final Project-LULULEMON ATHLETICA INC Research Paper

Financial report Analysis-Final Project-LULULEMON ATHLETICA INC. and the RetailApparel Industry - Research Paper Examplehistorical data of root price of the troupe and stock price data of market future predictions about the stock price apparent motion of the Lululemon has been estimated. The report a equal analyzes the forecasted financial statement and earning per share of the company.Also the report recommends investors whether they should invest in the company and intentness or not. Valuation of the company has been done in order to identify the value of Lululemon. Also it has been revealed that the performance of the company would improve in the years to come as the forecasted financial statements state the company would be adequate to(p) to increase its assets as well as improve its profitability in the years to come. Also the expect returns of the companys stock are estimated to be higher than the average market return.Apparel industry is one of the most attractive indust ries for investors to invest because the demand of such industry has always been high. The industry alike suffered because of financial crisis in the year 2007 and right now the industry is improving its position with the passage of time. The industry is very competitive with lots of brand names operating in the market like PVH, V.F. Corporation, Lululemon, Polo Ralph Lauren and Liz Claiborne and many an(prenominal) others. This report analyses the current scenario of the industry and its future outlook.The second part of the report covers analysis of one of the disclose players in the apparel industry, Lululemon. Lululemon financial strength and position have been analyzed and its stock price movement has been observed to estimate the future stock price of the company. In addition to this, in the report contains paygrade of the Lululemon and recommends investors whether the company is profitable or not.The performance of apparel industry has been ordinary in the second string of 2011. The performance of firms in the industry during first quarter showed mixed results as there were some firms like PVH and V.F. Corporation which were

Social Media and Gap Incorporated Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Social Media and bedcover Incorporated - Essay ExampleSocial media represents any effort on behalf of the marketing company in the online environment which promotes friendlyization or offers insight into consumer opinion finished the use of user-generated content (Smith, 559). Some companies be even taking advantage of social meshing site models alike Twitters TweetBeep alert system which emails a professional whenever their company is mentioned in the social network (Hogan and Miller, 25). In order to make the site more interactive, Gap Incorporated can setup a consumer blog which rates certain fashions or the models that are being depicted in the online advertisements. A ramble This promotion attached to visible consumer links would build interest in leaving comments. This system would require to be maintained by an information support systems team to update the information timely. This blog could bring in unique insights into consumer values, beliefs, and their current th inking toward the fashion industry as a whole. If the new interactive features are interesting and exciting enough, it will create a viral marketing outcome which should build high consumer visits to the Old Navy, Gap, Banana Republic, et al. brands.Gap Incorporated should also consider the results of a recent study conducted by Cone Business which identified that consumers crave social interaction (Black, 41). This is due to the high rise of social networking and the amount of time consumers interact in the online social environment increasing. This study also identified that when authorized stakeholders are online (in this case the consumer) they are looking to speak with organizations and dissimilar brands in the digital environment (Black). Gap Incorporated should consider that interactive website promotions, such as a compete to win promotion battling different online users in a trivia contest for discounts, would also provide consumers with their

IT Resources (Outsource or Insource) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

IT Resources (Outsource or Insource) - Essay ExampleOutsourcing and Insourcing have merits and demerits as far as an IT organization is concerned. This paper briefly compares the merits and demerits of outsourcing and insourcing. Outsourcing helps IT companies to exploit the cheap and efficient labour grocery store of the foreign countries. For example, India is a region in which lot of IT professionals are searching for jobs whereas America is a country which searches for IT professionals. In other words, insourcing would be a costly affair in America compared to outsourcing. The IT job which whitethorn cost $ 10000 in America suffer be completed from India for around $ 5000. In little outsourcing is cost effective compared to insourcing. Tax benefits are another advantage enjoyed by the IT companies as far as outsourcing is concerned. Outsourcing jobs were exempted from heavy taxes since it is completed in another country. Outsourcing increases the capabilities of an IT compan ion as far as their production electrical skill is concerned. For example, a company cannot take large volume of works or works beyond its capacity if it is strictly adhere to insourcing. On the other hand, there is no limit for an It company for taking orders if it prefer for outsourcing. In fact, computer software developers are the larger segment of an IT organization as far as summarize employees of an IT organization are concerned. Outsourcing will help an organization to keep only the required staff permanently and there is no need for that organization to keep more production staff even at off seasons. Outsourcing helps the IT companies pay only for the services they receive. In other words, nonproductive costs will be considerably reduced if a company opts for outsourcing. Thus, Operational control is more in insorcing than in outsourcing. For example, an IT company can speed up the production processes if it is going on in the same country whereas it is ticklish to sp eed up the production processes if it is going on in a foreign country. Communication problems whitethorn not be there if the production processes are done domestically whereas in outsourcing communication problems amidst the outsourcer and outsourcee can take place. Increased competitive power is another advantage of outsourcing. Outsourcing can give your assembly line a competitive advantage as you will be able to increase productivity in all the areas of your business (The Advantages and Disadvantages of Outsourcing, 2009). Outsourcing will help an IT organization to undertake jobs beyond their expertise. For example, if a particular software expert is not available with an IT organization, it can opt for outsourcing for getting that job done. Thus the organization can take jobs even beyond the areas of its expertise and thereby it can increase its competitive power. The possibility of evolution of better technologies is another advantage of outsourcing. It is not necessary th at IT functions developed equally in two distinct countries. For example, African countries are technologically weaker countries. It is possible for these countries to access better technologies from other countries with the help of outsourcing. Better managerial control is the major advantage of insourcing over outsourcing. When a job is performed domestically, the managers can ensure that it meets all the requirements. On the other hand the managers will get the taste of the finished product only after the extremity of the

Critically evaluate at least two different theories of autism Essay

Critically evaluate at least devil different theories of autism - Essay ExampleAnd while in the mentioned films the problem of integration of people with autism in confederacy is considered, modern medical researchers be not less concerned with the problem of uncovering the biological causes of autism. entirely this task is far from being an easy one, as can be judged from the fact that thither are currently several tens of various theories that pretend if not to discover the single cause of autism, but at least to offer clues as to autisms most fundamental physiological roots (Novartis Foundation, 2003, pp.8-9). In this regard, permit us overview and critically evaluate several theories of autism, each of which highlights different biological mechanisms that are suspected to survive to this developmental disorder.In general, theories of autism emergence can be divided into large categories. One group of theories, such(prenominal) as for instance opioid excess theories, views a utism as a consequence of certain inborn abnormalities another group, bid for example viral infection theories or the approach that accentuates the increased intestinal permeability, links autism with some acquired abnormalities and there is a group of theories that aims to investigate the possibility of connection between autism and external factors of influence, such as the effects produced by certain types of vaccines. As can be immediately seen, the range of possible causes of autism is quite diverse. To break in asses each type of approaches to autism study, we will overview the mentioned opioid excess theories, the viral infection theory, and the theory of the autism origin due to specimen vaccinations of children.The opioid excess theories of autism emphasise abnormalities in the complex workings and influences of opioids and opioid-like substances in the human organism, and particularly in the brain. inborn opioids produce various effects upon the processes of hormonal regulation, especially if there is an

LEGAL ASPECT OF NURSING Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

LEGAL ASPECT OF NURSING - Case Study ExampleAfter the longanimous admitted he was thinking of harming himself, it was prudent he was offered specialized care immediate treatment and a one and only(a) on one utterance in a bid to prevent that which was bound to happen. In this slip-up the hospital stave neglected their obligation to ensure the uncomplainings safety and to offer the required care and tending that comes with his condition especially bearing in mind the sole reason he was brought to the institution was to sterilize his safety. Who are the defendants in this case? Which defendants could potentially be held liable and why? Having been brought by an ships officer of the justice and by accepting to admit Mr. Garcia the hospital took full responsibility and as such should be held liable. In this case the Hospital and the staff who were directly involved in admitting the long-suffering are the defendants. The Hospital staff in this case will potentially carry the lo ad as they are directly aerated with the responsibility of taking care of the patients. In the line of discharging their duty they failed to comelyly evaluate the situation and cash in ones chips Mr. Garcia the care that he required. The American Nurses Association defines nursing practice as a process that involves good assessment of patients, proper decision making and right application of nursing knowledge to a patient (deWit, 2001). With this regard the hospital staff took off on the wrong foot right from the start. Although restrained Mr. Garcia was not observed as should have which enabled him to slip out of the restraints and facility unnoticed. Therefore, it is reasonable and just to hold the hospital staff liable. How do you think the court would triumph in such a case? Why? The submissions of both the plaintiffs and the defendants will most definitely determine the ruling, but in my opinion the court should rule in favor of the plaintiff. In this matter several element s on negligence and malpractice have emerged from the hospitals staff. It is clear if proper precautions were taken right from the point where Mr. Gracias was admitted his life could have been saved. Failure to provide direct patient observation clearly highlights the violation of the hospitals obligation to safeguard its patients and prioritize their health. It is this act by the staff that leads to the damages on the patient Mr. Garcia and his family. The following are among the elements that directly or indirectly caused the death of the patient therefore in my opinion makes the defendants guilty. Duty - It was the duty of the hospital and its staff to ensure that the patient was safe, as he had been taken there specifically to ascertain his safety. They evidently have failed in this duty because it was reasonably foreseeable that the patient left on his own would harm himself and it is why he was rushed to the hospital by the officer and constrained. There is a relationship bet ween the patient and the hospital because they admitted him, though failed to give him proper care. genuine causation - By the mere fact that the officer brought the patient to the hospital by the confession that he intended to kill himself shows the seriousness the officer took the issue, now that the patient escaped from the hospital unnoticed and killed himself when he was their responsibility means they are at fault and therefore culpable. Remoteness - The issue of the patient sledding the hospital and harming

Devil's Tower National Monument Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Devils jerk National Monument - Research constitution ExampleThe Devils Tower National Monument is comprised of red rocks. The red colored stones atomic number 18 known as dark red sandstone and maroon siltstone. A thin layer of white gypsum is seen preceding(prenominal) the red spearfish rocks. Yellow sandstones as a result of Sundance formation, which are very delicate, can be seen on the vertical cliffs which surround the tower. A river runs under the feature. This landmark is made up of polygonal columns, which make up its striking features. The bigger columns narrow from the base 6-8 feet in diameter to about 4 feet at the vizor (Britton & Tamara, 4).This feature is located at Crook County, in north eastern Wyoming. It is situated in The united States of America. This attraction feature is a laccolith or ingenious intrusion in the black hills next to Hulett and Sundance. It is to a higher place the river known as Belle Fourche (Ludmer, 38). The Devils Tower has a fabulous significance to the plains tribes, which are more than twenty in native tribes. These tribes viewed this feature as a sacred zone (Britton & Tamara, 4). They used this portion for sacred activities, including worship, rituals, and sacrifices. These native tribes have a sacred legend concerning the origin of this landmark. These native tribes have special(prenominal) names for this monument they include stick outs tipi, go fors lodge, bears house, bears peak, and bears lair among many more names.The most basic maps concerned with this area named this monument bear lodge. They named it after the terms the natives of the region were using. In 1875, Colonel Dodge guided a survey chemical group to the black hills. The surveyors misunderstood the description given by the natives concerning this area. They translated it as Bad Gods Tower. Dodge reported this expedition area as the Devils Tower this name has stuck perpetually since (Gunderson, 66). Origin of the Tower The origin of this landmark has been a debatable issue among geologists from time immemorial since its discovery. Geologists conceptualize that this tower was formed by intrinsic intrusion activities. They believe that this attraction was formed by the labored entry of magma amid various rocks. The debatable issue is how the formation process happened and if the magma reached the surface of the earth region. Geologists have estimated the geezerhood of this amazing monument to be more than 50 million years. The work of erosion led to the profile of this Tower. Before the action of erosion, this monument could not be seen above the sedimentary rocks covering it (Monroe, James, and Reed, 102). Erosion action, for the most part water resulted into wearing off of the fine grained sandstones and gray- green shales on top of and in the region of the geological feature. The tough igneous rock layers of this landmark resisted the action of erosion, resulting into gray columns above the surrounding s cenery. Rain and juggle continually erode the sedimentary rocks around the base of the monument. The debris is then carried by the Belle Fourche River to other locations. This crumble activity results into further exposition of the Devils Tower National Monument

Women's Suffrage Discussion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Womens Suffrage word of honor - Essay ExampleAs much as these two pushed for suffrage movements, there was a dissimilarity in the way they approached the movement and pushed for women rights. Professor Kulhman viewed women suffrage approaches that are constitutional. That is, she only wanted the changes to be brought constitutionally, unlike, Woodswarth Ney who believed that, slide fastener was satisfying enough other than action in the push for womens right. Thus, it could be pursued by means of all means including the organization motto, words and deeds (Foner, 360).Other than the right to vote, they also sought for the women rights to centenarian offices like their male counterparts. They believed that, women were equal and capable leaders albeit the view that they were weaker. In addition, Professor Kulhman, Woodsworth-Ney and Foner noted the deprivation to narrow the women voting gap. This is because, most women shied away from polling.According to Professor Kulhman and Wo odsworth Ney, granting women the right to vote was progressive. This is because, the women suffrages favored reforms. Besides, reforms took magazine to implement. In addition, women suffrage movement took place during the progressive era, thus, women right to vote must be

Motivation and Management - Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Motivation and Management - Report - Essay ExampleThe vestigial question that motivation asks is why do people do what they do? In addition, motivation is touch with the reason people opt to take a particular course of action, over because whilst suffering difficulties and problems throughout Bruno (2002).Motivation has four common qualitys. One of them is that every person is unique and their motivations needs are different. chip characteristic is that motivation is intentional it is under the control of employee and it becomes an influential factor in their performance. The other characteristic is that motivation has two major dimensions named as active and engaged. The last characteristic is that motivation predicts the employees behavior.A motivated employee exit work hard as they will feel fulfilled to do so. The employee will also be compelled to produce quality work with high performance rate. When an employee is de-motivated, low output and sad quality work is observed. The main aim for CBC is to provide high quality work as well as profit maximization. It then calls for self managing personnel who will work hard to reach out the set goals. For that to be realized, motivation issue must be addressed.There are three manageable ways of increasing motivation. Extrinsic motivation, that is, motivation that can be enhanced through tangible rewards much(prenominal) as salary, promotion and conditions of work, intrinsic motivation that is related to psychological rewards including a sense of challenge or performance. In addition, motivation is increased by developing passion from work Bruno (2002). This simply provides means of collaboration, fairness, recognition, growth, and connector with leaders.Maslows hierarchy of needs argues there are five categories individuals undergo. Therefore, must the management to build in higher(prenominal) aspects of the hierarchy such as performance, advancement recognition and responsibility to enable employees ach ieve the

Methodology and Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

methodology and Analysis - Essay ExampleIn effect, the tec employed the use of comprehensive literature refreshen to serve the purpose of qualitative information collection. For the quantitative method, the researcher made use of primary entropy collection, which required the collection of first gear hand data from an identified research setting. The research setting comprised the IT systems culture environment where the researcher made use of IT students, IT engineers, IT employees, and other IT experts. The primary data collection took place by designing a questionnaire, which contained questions on various thematic areas, relating to the purpose of the study. There were two major components of the questionnaire. The first sought to collect general background data or information on the respondents. Examples of these had to do with their nationality, eld of experience in the field of IT and their role in software system. The second part contained questions on the real(a) hyp otheses that the researcher was testing. ... This means that when repeated with the same variables, the research must produce the same results within divers(prenominal) locations or settings. Now, with the combination of questionnaire and literature go off, the researcher was offered the opportunity of testing the results gathered through primary data collection with data from secondary sources. In effect, it was possible to internally check for consistency of responses and how they conformed to universally trustworthy standards. With the questionnaire as an independent data collection tool, the advantage that it offered the researcher was that it made quantitative data synopsis very easy. This is because almost all the questions posed were closed ended questions, requiring the respondents to select their answers from given options (Kimberly, 2009). This way, it was possible to considerably quantify the answers into mathematical indexes. What is more, the literature review was very useful in collecting highly manifest data because options of researchers were compared and contrasted with each other before making personalized conclusions to suit the research problem. 3.3 Shortfalls of other obtainable Research Methods Apart from the use of literature review and questionnaire, there are other research methodologies that the researcher could employ in the data collection process. However, these were not selected because they do not pose merits and advantages that surpassed the ones that the questionnaire and literature review offered. Two of these research methodologies that the researcher could fall on are interview and field observation. An interview is a question and answer session that a

Academic Writing for Adults Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Academic Writing for Adults - Essay compositors caseOtherwise, I understand I would have to take the Writing Workshop, which offers a more intensive fosterold age for students who have exceptional difficulty with their academic makeup. I opine that I do not impoverishment to take the Writing Workshop. Far from experiencing writing anxiety, I have a strong interest in writing, and my personal goal is to learn how to write more effectively. I believe that Academic Writing for Adults go out be a good venue in which I could pick up pointers for improving my writing style. I understand that the course is for academic writing, which will provide me a greater opportunity to deliver myself better through my writing for the purpose of passing my courses, maybe even get better grades. In my youth, I had moderate difficulty in writing I believe, though, that it was not so much because I was afraid of writing, or because I did not know how to write. At a young age, there appeared to be li ttle to write about. I felt that I had not experienced as much as I had to in life, for me to gain enough insight to write about things. Of course, it was different about lessons. When needed, such as in an examination where essay writing was required, I usually could find enough to say, in order to create a decent-enough essay, and was confident in writing. When the type of writing is about impersonal things, such as subject matter that comes from lessons or a book, I have had little problems in writing. You readiness say that these are things that could be studied and memorized, then repeated when it becomes necessary to do so. Students last name However, when the requirement is to write about my personal insights and to venture my own opinions, I sometimes grope for the words that I must draw up together, in order to express what is formed as a concept in my own mind. Because of this, I tint that my problem with writing is not so much in the area of spelling or grammar, exa ctly one of a higher take, relations with the finer points of writing, and the techniques to convince and entertain the reader. Now that I am joining an adult class, I feel that I have had more experience and more insights that I think are worth sharing. From my image to the outside world in the course of growing up, I have picked up a bite more vocabulary, even a bit more of the idiomatic expressions and common sayings that may be useful in forming my own statements and expressions. Needless to say, the more advanced means of communication has helped a lot in providing all of us with a ready source of information. Social networking, for instance, gives us all a find out to write to countless people in the world, to exchange ideas and to interact at a personal level in a manner that enriches us. This technology was not available to me in my youth for this, I believe the youth today are in an enviable position, to be able at an early age to write and communicate with everybody else in the world and to grow together as a global community. I may be going beyond the scope of a mere academic writing course, but I believe that writing is the key to reaching out through a more unceasing medium than just conversing by speaking. Sometimes it is easier to get a message through by talking, because when we meet out of words, we can use gestures and body language to get the message through. Writing is different, because one has to deposit down in a sheet of paper what one wants to say, without the use of facial expressions, body language, or other actions. The reader has only the words that the Students last name writer has put down on paper (or electronic medium) in order to grasp the message the writer wants to convey, in the way he wanted to convey it. The course if for academic writing, I understand. Eventually, though, I hope I could develop my writing skills to the point of

Responsible business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Responsible business - Essay ExampleThe apprehension of ethical business will be explained using a real-life example from a business that shows the hone use of ethical business practices. This will help in developing the theme of how organizations create and follow up ethical practices in the workplace. Additionally, the effect of ethical behaviour affects the behaviour of organizations and the society in general. This will be followed by an analysis of the role of the government in approaching answerable business. Responsible Business From definition, a responsible business performs actions that are strategic, comprehensive and connect with all the players in the industry. This model describes a mood of acting on decisions and problems in a systematic and connected way. This approach also enlightens the leaders of the organization, including the notice of directors, the team that deals with the customers, the government and non-for profits organizations (Pohl & Tolhurst, 2010 ). According to the tenets of responsible business, apart from making profits, an organization should also uphold practices that reflect ethical, social and environmental goals. This can be done by the employing business practices considered responsible by the society. For example, the provision of safe and healthy working environments for employees, being an equal opportunity employer, avoiding inequality and injustice in the organization, and avoiding bullying, harassment or discrimination in the workplace (Sanford, 2011). This can be done by context of use organizational policies and cultures that reflect the factors mentioned above and ensuring that the employees and management follow these policies. Additionally, societal and environmental concerns are applied when the policies that glide by the organization are made, which is mainly done to influence other stakeholders in a business. Reducing risks face up in the working environment also makes up part of the responsible bu siness model, for example, by trim down the environmental and health risks faced by employees in the organization. Additionally, the organization should also work to jibe that risks that its trading operations pose to the society and community are reduced through the use of responsible work technologies and procedures (Smith, 2010). The border responsible business covers a wide range of factors, and some of the concepts that it encompasses are CSR, ethics, business sustainability and social considerations. The application of these factors ensures that a businesss operations are considered responsible. Responsible businesses adhere to these practices in order to ensure that it continues with profitable ventures in the community and follows the ethical codes dictated by the society. Another concept that is similar to responsible business is corporate social responsibility (CSR), which refers to the analysis of an organizations duties and how its actions degrades or uplifts the com munity in which it operates (Kotler & Lee, 2011). Another factor that relates to responsible business is ethical business. A distinction between a sustainable and ethical business is that a business that places emphasis on a specific code of stock is referred to as an ethical business, while a sustainable business is one that is able to continue operations through sustainable trading. Ethical Business Ethics is one of the issues make up an individuals personality, makes the basis for behaviour, morals and

The Recruitment Method and Selection Procedures Applied at the Research Paper

The recruitment Method and Selection Procedures Applied at the McDonalds Corporation - Research Paper ExampleThis paper seeks to survey the effectiveness and appropriateness of the recruitment method and selection procedures applied at the McDonalds corporation. It will also take aim the use of the internet as a recruitment tool at McDonalds. it is expected that proper recommendations for cash advance will be presented after an evaluation of the strengths and weaknesses of the recruitment policies and procedures applied at McDonalds. McDonalds opened its door to the UK existence in 1974 and as of the end of 2004, there were over 1330 McDonalds UK restaurants, with 60 % cosmos company owned, employing 43, 491 individuals and the rest being franchises, employing 25, 000 individuals. For each McDonalds restaurant, its management is responsible for maintaining its own independent operations, accounting, inventory control, training and Human Resource functions. on that point be tw o groups of employees the hourly-paid, also known as the mob members, and are charged with the task of carrying tasks that train a restaurant runs efficiently. The other groups are the salaried managers who manage operations and oversee the business and crew members performance. McDonalds established that for the organization to register improved organizational outcomes, it is imperative that effective recruitment and selection practices are applied. McDonalds prides itself in being an equal opportunity employer that does not discriminate along gender, nationality, race, colour, marital status, age, religion, political tie-up or any other unjustified reason. In 1992, McDonalds put in place the Equal Opportunities company that was aimed at encouraging a workplace that was characterized by equality and diversity.

Kant's Response to Hume's Skepticism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Kants Response to Humes Skepticism - Essay ExampleAnother problem that Kant had to fill with was the general partition of causal labor between God and created organisms. The main question he face up during his time was the relationship between the causal exercise and action of God, considered as the primeval creator and conserver of the world. Kant declare the position that a theory of Gods causal role in the natural descriptor of nature was a precondition of any rational metaphysics of extraordinary intercessions. His personal contribution of this role was influenced by his engagement with three contending theories of divine causation (Nash, 1999, p.4). The first theory, kn suffer as occasionalism, postulates that God is exclusively creditworthy for the existence of beings. According to this theory, God uses his own power and finite substances to create effects in unanimity with his own diktat. The second theory of divine causation is known as conservationism. According to thi s theory, divine activity is restricted to Gods act in preserving created organisms. These protected organisms are viewed as capable of producing their own powers without any extra divine action. The third theory of divine causation is known as concurrence. It concurs with some(prenominal) occasionalism and conservationism that finite beings exclusively depend on Gods creative and preserving action for their survival (Nash, 1999, p.6). During the mid(prenominal) 18th century, Kant embarked on a serious reflection on the nature of the biological structure of organism. During this period, the scientific discourse on natural history and physiology was powerfully marked by decline of the pre-formation theory-the classical mechanical theory of the organism. In addition, this period witnessed the emergence of the self-reproduction concept of organic systems which led to the rise of vitalism. Kant examined and reflected upon the methodology of this process. He attempted with the notion o f objective purposive-ness to link the idea of reproduction with the conservative question of teleology so as to validate the notion of organism adequate to the system of mechanistic science (Nash, 1999, p.9). The classical theory of pre-formation, in any case called the doctrine of evolution was the deistic conjecture of generation par excellence. In the mechanistic hypotheses of the 17th century, the bizarre attributes exhibited by organism were perceived to be basic out roll in the hays of the properties of the parts. This was the fundamental principle of the mechanical theory. But how did it come to be that organism had this organization? One of the basic dilemmas that the novel mechanistic science had to resolve was the flair in which different living organisms could have emerged from universal principles of matter in motion. The pertinent question to be answered was not whether an animal or a plant was a machine. Rather, the issue was presuming that plants and animals are machines, how did they get their structures? The functioning of the beings could be clarified through with(predicate) an anatomical dissection of their structures. However, the elementary theoretical question that had to be addressed dealt with the downslope of this structure. In other words, one of the major problems the pre-formation theory faced was explaining how the fundamental structures of various organisms could have emerged through the universal laws of matter in motion. In addition, it was generally assumed that the organization of the particles in the germ also mirrored the organization

Braswell v. United States, 487 U.S. 99 (1988) Essay

Braswell v. United States, 487 U.S. 99 (1988) - Essay ExampleThe courts however use the philosophical system to deviate from the moderate liability concepts in corporate organization to hold people responsible for action that target self-centred interests. The doctrine of piercing the corporate veil is a corollary to the alter ego doctrine and involves breaching of the separate profound entity of a corporation to hold shareholders liable for actions that identify abuse of responsibility. In pronouncing personal liability of a shareholder, a court is said to have pierced the veil (Weil, Lentz, & Hoffman, 2012).The alter ego doctrine and the doctrine of piercing corporate veil are therefore concepts for equitable remedy that seek to protect exculpatory victims from unethical practices by shareholders, employees, or directors of corporate organizations, for personal gain. The alter ego doctrine establishes deviation from the express liability concept of corporate organizations and the doctrine of piercing corporate veil is an implementation of the alter

Web 2.0. The second generation of the World Wide Web Essay Example for Free

weather vane 2.0. The second genesis of the World Wide entanglement Es plead sack 2. 0 is the name given to describe a second generation of the World Wide weave that is focused on the ability for plurality to assemble and sh are knowledge online. network 2. 0 basically refers to the transition from static HTML Web pages to a more dynamic Web that is more organized and is based on serving Web applications to users. some different improved functionality of Web 2. 0 includes open communication with an emphasis on Web-based communities of users, and more open communion of information.Over time Web 2. 0 has been used more as a marketing term than a computer-science-based term. Blogs, wikis, and Web services are all seen as components of Web 2. 0. Web 2. 0 was previously used as a synonym for Semantic Web, but while the two are similar, they do not share precisely the same meaning What is Web 2. 0 engineering? Web 2. 0 is the term used to describe a variety of web sites an d applications that allow anyone to take a leak and share online information or material they have created.A key element of the technology is that it allows people to create, share, collaborate communicate. Web 2. 0 differs from other types of websites as it does not require any web design or create skills to participate, making it easy for people to create and publish or communicate their work to the world. The nature of this technology makes it an easy and popular way to communicate information to either a select group of people or to a much wider audience. The University empennage make use of these tools to communicate with students, staff and the wider academic community.It can also be an effective way to communicate and interact with students and research colleagues. There are scrap of different types of web 2. 0 applications including wikis, blogs, social networking, folksonomies, podcasting content hosting services. Many of the most popular websites are Web 2. 0 sites s uch as Wikipedia, YouTube, Facebook, MySpace, Flickr. Web 2. 0 (or Web 2) is the popular term for advanced net income technology and applications including blogs, wikis, RSS and social bookmarking.The two major components of Web 2. are the technological advances enabled by Ajax and other impertinently applications such as RSS and Eclipse and the user empowerment that they support Tim OReilly is generally credited with inventing the term, following a conference dealing with next-generation Web concepts and issues held by OReilly Media and MediaLive International in 2004. OReilly Media has subsequently been energetic around essay to copyright Web 2. 0 and holds an annual conference of the same name. There is, however, some dispute about whether OReilly is responsible for the original coinage.Joe Firmage, for instance, used Web 2. 0 to describe using the World Wide Web as a platform in 2003. One of the most significant differences in the midst of Web 2. 0 and the traditional World Wide Web (retroactively referred to as Web 1. 0) is greater collaboration among Internet users and other users, content providers, and enterprises. Originally, data was posted on Web sites, and users simply viewed or downloaded the content. Increasingly, users have more stimulus into the nature and scope of Web content and in some cases exert real-time control everywhere it.For example, multiple-vendor online book outlets such as BookFinder4U make it possible for users to upload book reviews as well as find rare and out-of-print books at a minimum price, and dynamic encyclopedias such as Wikipedia allow users to create and edit the content of a worldwide information database in multiple languages. Internet forums have cause more extensive and led to the proliferation of blogging. The dissemination of new(a)s evolved into RSS. There is no clear-cut demarcation between Web 2. 0 and Web 1. 0 technologies, hardware and applications. The distinction is, to a large extent, subjective .Here are a few characteristics often noted as descriptive of Web 2. 0 * blogging * Ajax and other new technologies * Google Base and other free Web services * RSS-generated syndication * social bookmarking * mash-ups * wikis and other collaborative applications * dynamic as opposed to static site content * interactive encyclopedias and dictionaries * ease of data creation, modification or baseball swing by individual users * advanced gaming. Critics of Web 2. 0 maintain that it makes it too easy for the average mortal to affect online content and that, as a result, the credibility, ethics and even legality of Web content could suffer.Defenders of Web 2. 0 point out that these problems have existed ever since the infancy of the medium and that the alternative widespread censoring based on ill-defined elitism would be far worse. The final judgment concerning any Web content, say the defenders, should be made by end users alone. Web 2. 0 reflects evolution in that direction. Some industry pundits are already claiming that Web 2. 0 is merely a transitional phase between the former(a) days of the World Wide Webs existence and a more established phase theyre calling Web 3. 0.

Kates children Essay Example for Free

Kates children EssayIt is a dark damp day the rain is whacking down on the corrugated iron of my four-roomed cottage on Condobolin Road. It is still early hours, heretofore my hubby William has already left(a) to visit his parents Frederick and Mary on their property, as the wind and rain has brought down both of their expectant gum trees. My children are still sleeping soundly. I am not feeling thoroughly again today, I have not felt well since Maggies death, some two years ago. My transmit has not felt right it tells me to do things that women shouldnt even think of. I am not a well human being I do not feel anymore, this haunts me. I feel great remorse and pity for myself.I am however fit to right my story, my life. My name is Catherine Ada Foster, however I am better known as Kate Kelly, sis of the renowned Ned Kelly. I was born in Beveridge on the 12th of July 1863, as the seventh child born to my parents John Red Kelly and Ellen Quinn. Mary, the eldest is the siste r I never knew, as she passed away at infancy. Second born was Anne then came Edward- everyone knowing him as Ned, then Margaret, James and Daniel. At the young age of unspoilt three years old in 1866, many events took place that changed my life my little sister Grace came into the world around the same age we as a family moved to Avenel.That year my father John Kelly also passed away of dropsy, an abnormal accretion of fluid in the body tissues, or cavities causing swelling or distension of the affected parts. This left my perplex a widow and seven children fatherless, so we moved in with my aunt in Greta. after living in that respect for twelve months, mother took up her own selection on the Eleven-Mile-Creek in the Glenrowan district, and there we moved into a newly erected two-roomed hut built by Ned.In Greta, I attended indoctrinate and upon wipe outing I spent my time helping mother with the younger children, as she had remarried George King in 1874, and had two more ch ildren, Ellen and John- making a family of eleven, most of us being exceptional horsemen. It was just quintuple years before in 1969 when Ned was first bought before the police court for two cases, at just xv years of age. He was charged with assault of a fowl and pig dealer named Ah Fook, and secondly aiding a bushranger, Harry Power, in some of his robberies. Luckily for Ned and Mother, he was found not guilty in both cases.However before the end of that year, Ned was convicted again for assault and indecent behaviour resulting in six-spot months hard tug. Our family name was becoming well known around our area, as the police were giving us a bad name for petty things my older brother did. When Ned was released from prison, just three weeks later he received a beautiful brown mare off a superstar he met during his labor times. However the police were on to him and arrested Ned as the horse was stolen, Ned had no idea of this, but this didnt seem to consider to the police as he received three years hard labor.I was about fifteen years of age when the suitor Constable Alexander Fitzpatrick became attracted to me. He did not have a right(a) name for himself, already fathering two children to different mothers. He tried to pose as a friend of the family, however my brothers were not fools to be reckoned with, and they did not trust him. On the 15th of April 1878, Fitzpatrick rode up to our house and Dan went outside. He asked Dan to go to Greta with him, as he had a warrant for stealing Whittys horses. Dan refused and asked to see the warrant, and Fitzpatrick tell he had none.My mother told Fitzpatrick he had no business on her premises so he pulled out his revolver and said he would blow her brains out if she interfered. Mother said that Ned was present and he would come out and thump the revolver down his throat. It was obvious that Fitzpatrick had been drinking. As he was sitting on the stool waiting for Dan to finish his meal, I in my course of dut ies passed by him and he tried to kiss me. All my brothers tried to hinder him. Fitzpatrick was drunk, they were sober but his story was believed above ours.He stated that my mother had struck him with a empty shovel, Dan had beaten him and Ned had shot him in the wrist and wounded him. He also incriminated William Williamson and Maggies husband William Skillion who he insisted on being there when the incident took place. The outcome resulted in long harsh sentences for mother, and our neighbours Skillion and Williamson. Ned and Dan hadnt waited for their arrest and fled into the Wombat Ranges. 1 I was very angry that even the doctor who attended Fitzpatricks wounds, did not confirm that there was a fastball wound, and also that there was a strong smell of liquor on his breath.

Charles Dickens engender sympathy Essay Example for Free

Charles two engender sympathy EssayHow does Charles Dickens engender sympathy for his protagonist finish off in this option from Great Expectations? In this essay on Great Expectations, I am going to explore how the entertain sexs of the of import character Pip, create sympathy from the reader for him and how Dickens has put this across. Charles Dickens has written a absorbing novel, set in his time and he has created sympathy for Pip in many different ship itinerary throughout the text.A first example of this is when Pip visits Miss Havishams house and meets Estella. She c tot bothyed me boy so genuinely much and with a carelessness that was far from complimentary7, this shows that the way Estella spoke to Pip and that, instead of addressing him by his name, she fair(a) called him boy as if he was not worthy of his name, and he could sense that she did not really like him because of the way she said this, as indicated in the quote.This makes the reader feel sorry fo r Pip as Estella was actually bounderish to him and unwelcoming, and nobody would really like to be in his position. So as well as cosmos ill at ease(predicate) at the way Estella treats him, Pip alike feels uncomfortable with his new surroundings as he has grown up with Joe and his Sister in poor, working class conditions at a Blacksmiths forge, whereas Satis House is very different. It is rich and grand but also scary for Pip.The first thing I noticed was that the passages were all dark, this shows that Pip must have been quite panic-struck because of the darkness, and he was in a strange designate but it is even worse that it is the first thing he noticed about the house. Pip was frightened of his surroundings as they were gothic and dark and very different, but the fact that he did know anyone at all must have also been a challenging experience. At last we came to the door of a room and she said, Go in/ I answered more in shyness than politeness, after(prenominal) you m iss. To this she returned Dont be derisory boy I am not going in. And scornfully walked away, and what was worse took the hind enddle with her. This was very uncomfortable and I was half afraid/ This long quote, from the extract shows a lot, first of all that he was very shy and uncomfortable in everyway at where he was and that he didnt know anyone and he was also afraid. When he entered Miss Havishams room he was afraid again because of the very strange surroundings he entered into.No glimpse of daylight was to be check outn in it this shows that it was very unusual and he was quite frightened and also when he saw Miss Havisham, the strangest lady I have ever seen or shall ever see/ As well as being very strange, Pip also noticed that she was extremely rich, whatever bright jewels sparkled on her neck and her hands, and some other jewels lay sparkling on the table/ Pip was not apply to seeing such finery or such unusual surroundings so all of this makes the reader feel ver y sympathetic towards him.Miss Havishams mental state could also be a coarse for concern as, since her fianci left her on their wedding day and broke her heart she went a musical composition mad and stop all of the clocks in the house and, by never touching anything in her room she tried literally to stop time at the prosiest second her heart was broken. Her watch had stopped at twenty minutes to nine and she says to Pip What do I touch? Your heart. Broken This experience must have been very frightening and unsettling for a new-made naive boy who was not used to being in the presence of such an eccentric and slightly mad old lady. Not just the fact that Miss Havisham was strange and so were her surroundings she also spoke to Pip and entraped him in a very strange and suspicious/manner. I somemultiplication have sick fancies and I have a sick fancy that I want to see some play. There, there Play, play, play This order seems rather strange for an old woman to have a fancy to see a young boy play but also the repetitive way in which she commands him to Play, play, play She says this three times and Pip does not really know what to do so he therefore feels very awkward. After the harsh words from Estella and meeting Miss Havisham, Pip starts to feel the realisation of his low social status. This boy, why he is a common labouring boy, these words from Estella hurt Pip deeply but he did not show his true emotions until he was alone.As I cried, I kicked the wall and took a warm twist at my hair so bitter where my feelings Dickens has displayed this very well as you can also feel a connection with him, because it is written in first person narration I, so you feel like Pip is actually talking to you, and you could imagine if you were in Pips position you, yourself would feel very frightened and uncomfortable so you end up feeling sorry and sympathetic for him.

John Stuart Mill And Liberalism Essay Example for Free

John Stuart wedge And Liberalism EssayJohn Stuart hoagie (May 20, 1806, Pentonville, England May 8, 1873, Avignon, France) was one of the greatest and most influential liberal thinkers of the XIX century and to a fault a famous political economist and a Liberal Member of Parliament from 1865 to 1868 (Plank). As a heavy(a) thinker, torpedo introduced a new doctrine of liberty and basis be considered as a A-one liberal and a second-rate utilitarian (Reeves). John Stuart Mill (Source httpwww. liberalinternational. orgeditorial. aspia_id=685)Conceived for the first time as a short essay in 1854, Mills famous and enormously influential book On familiarity that he published in 1859 is considered one of the founding philosophical works of classical liberalism and also one of the most fundamental texts on the concept of liberty. In the book which concerns social and civil liberty, the philosopher explores the reputation of the power that corporation foundation legitimately ex ercise over individuals, and advocates their moral and economic freedom from the acres (John Stuart Mill John Stuart Mill policy-making Philosopher).The most important point and basis for liberty make by Mill in his book is that Over himself, over his own body and mind, the individual is self-governing. Individuals exercise their sovereignty both through their judgment and actions. The main ideas that Mill explains in his On self-reliance could be convocationed into the following sections. 1. Mill opens his treatise by pointing out that the politics is a dangerous subdivision if it is non appropriately controlled and if its authority is not limited by the liberty of the citizens. In this track, Mill suggests, citizens impart be ruled by a government whose rule is guaranteed against oppression and dictatorship.However, at a assumption stage society develops into democracy scalawag 2 which does not fear tyranny any lifelong but where the majority can easily criminalize or marginalize a minority group of society and encroach on their rights or liberty. Mill calls it the tyranny of the majority and believes it is much worse than the tyranny of government because it is easier for individuals to be protected from a tyrant than against the tyranny of the prevailing opinion and haveing. He saw a danger of the old repression of despotic rulers being replaced by despotism of custom.Rules of conduct, thus, would be based on the majority opinion and there would be no protection in police against its tyranny (John Stuart Mill). He emphasizes that social tyranny is the greater danger than political tyranny for modern nations such(prenominal)(prenominal) as Britain (Heydt). As in Mills view the prevailing opinions within society atomic number 18 not necessarily the correct opinions on the one hand, and an individual has the right to choose whatever discernment for his moral beliefs on the new(prenominal) hand, Mill concludes that this situation is wrong a nd unjust.In this case, individuals will be harmed, then(prenominal) their sovereignty over themselves will be impaired (John Stuart Mill). 2. Mill argues for a need of rational dogma that would govern individuals within society, and thus introduces and explains his so-called harm principle which is supposed to regulate the limits of intervention in an individuals actions. Individuals can act as they wish as long as their actions do not harm other individuals.Society should not intervene if the action affects only the individuals that undertake it flush though these individuals be harming themselves. In Mills view, in a down community society has the right to legitimately exercise power over any individual against his will only in order to prevent harm to others. However, Mill distinguishes two categories of harms. If an individual fails to pay taxes, rescue another drowning individual, or appear in court to give evidence, then these acts (which he calls acts of omission) shoul d be qualified as ill and may be regulated.But if individuals give their consent to take risks without fraud or force, for example, by judge unsafe employment offered by others, this is not considered as harming them (acts of commission). Page 3 In this case, society is not allowed to intervene except when individuals sell themselves into slavery (John Stuart Mill). 3. Children cant take care of themselves and may quite harm themselves unintentionally. That is why, Mill explains, they do not have sovereignty over themselves, the harm principle cant be applicable in this case and society is allowed to interfere with them against their will.Barbarians fall into this category, too. Mill states that barbarians cant be sovereign over themselves and that despotism over them may be justified in cases when the end result is the improvement of their life. But as soon as they become more civilized and have the capability to decide for themselves, they must be given liberty from the govern ment and its tyranny. Good examples of this, Mill illustrates, are Charlemagne and Akbar the Great who compassionately controlled and helped barbarian nations better manage their lives (John Stuart Mill). 4.According to Mill, kind liberty includes several(prenominal) components without which individuals cant be truly free Individuals are free to think as they wish, and to feel as they do (the freedom to opinion and of speech). Mills argues that the freedom of speech is necessary for social appear because allowing people to freely express their opinions and ideas, even if they are false, is useful for two reasons. First, in an open diversify of ideas individuals are likely to guess that some of their beliefs may be erroneous and will thus allow them.Second, in the process of debate individuals reaffirm their beliefs and prevent them from turning into mere dogma. Mill believes that it is important for individuals to watch why their beliefs are true (John Stuart Mill). Individu als are free to pursue tastes however immoral they may be considered by others so long as they are not harmful to others (John Stuart Mill). Page 4 Individuals are free to meet with other individuals (the freedom of assembly) (John Stuart Mill). 5.Mill believes that religion should be criticized in the same way as are other systems of thought regardless of the offence that such criticism may cause. iodine of main purposes which governed Mills philosophical endeavours all his life was his commitment to replace Christianity with a trust of Humanity (Carey). 6. Mills liberal ideas made him an advocate of the development of efficient local government and associations and he fiercely opposed key control. He argued for the parents obligation to educate their children but disapproved of a central education system run by the state (John Stuart Mill).In what concerns individual freedoms, it is quite important to understand that Mill gives the specific justifications for them because he believes they will promote the turn over of civilization and will be groovy for society. Mill does not regard liberty as a standard of value and does not maintain any natural rights of individuals in his discussions. Instead he is mainly concerned with the utility of rights and freedoms of individuals for the social progress (John Stuart Mill John Stuart Mill Political Philosopher).Many critics point out that Mill underestimated the important enjoyment of social order and custom as a source of security or freedom. His liberalism is also mown in the eyes of other critics who do not share his extremely optimistic view of human nature. They are particularly pessimistic about his rosy belief that it is humans conditioned engagement in a continuous attempt to achieve personal development that results in the existence of diverse personalities and viewpoints (Reeves).Mill is also often criticised for justifying the right of one developed nation to exercise despotism over other underde veloped nations (or barbarians as he calls them) on the grounds that it brings them the benefits and advantages of higher civilization (John Stuart Mill and Liberal Page 5 Imperialism). Despite criticism, the remarkable greatness of Mill lies in his readiness and willingness to combine both his thoughts and actions. He was a progressive philosopher who was ready to go to jail for his beliefs.It is not surprising then that six eld after he published his great book On Liberty, he decided to stand for sevens in order to better implement his beliefs. His most known initiatives include the introduction of an amendment to the Reform agitate in a successful attempt to give women equal voting rights his relentless pursuit of governor Edward Eyre for having brutally suppressing an uprising in Jamaica his fierce opposition to the suspension of habeas corpus in Ireland his successful trend against an attempt to prohibit demonstrations or meetings in public parks, and many others (Reeves) .By and large, Mills occupational group as a liberal politician could be regarded as a relative failure. His performance was unremarkably acclaimed, but he often found himself in opposition to the aims and wishes of his electors. He was quite reluctant to compromise with his own principles just to get support of his electorate, and this resulted in his failure to be re-elected in 1868 (John Stuart Mill Political Philosopher). 200 years after his birth, Mills liberalism is still relevant(Source http//www. prospect-magazine. co. uk/article_details. php? id=7439)Mills was aware that On Liberty as well as many others of his philosophical works raised several important problems, such as the tyranny of uniformity in opinion and practice which would be more faced futurity generations than were by his own and that some critics believed that these problems were exaggerated because they were looking more at contemporary facts than at animated tendencies (Reeves). It may be argued that the issues that Mill was interested in and consistently dealt with in his time are without a doubt still relevant and important today (Plank).BIBLIOGRAPHY1. Carey, G. W. The Authoritarian Secularism of John Stuart Mill. Retrieved ring 14, 2008 from the World long meshwork http//www. nhinet. org/carey15-1. pdf 2. Heydt, C. John Stuart Mill Overview. Retrieved promenade 14, 2008 from the World Wide Web http//www. iep. utm. edu/m/milljs. htm 3. John Stuart Mill. Retrieved March 14, 2008 from the World Wide Web http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/John_Stuart_Mill 4. John Stuart Mill and Liberal Imperialism.Retrieved March 14, 2008 from the World Wide Web http//www. antiwar. com/stromberg/s051802. html 5. John Stuart Mill Political Philosopher. Retrieved March 14, 2008 from the World Wide Web http//www. john-mill. com/ 6. Plank, B. John Stuart Mill. Retrieved March 14, 2008 from the World Wide Web http//www. liberal-international. org/editorial. asp? ia_id=685 7. Reeves, R. John Stuart Mill. R etrieved March 14, 2008 from the World Wide Web http//www. prospect-magazine. co. uk/article_details. php? id=7439

Redevelopment of Manila City Jail Essay Example for Free

Redevelopment of Manila City Jail EssayManila, PhilippinesFilinvest Land Inc. has bagged a lease to redevelop a 1. 2-hectare property owned by the government that was the site of the old Cebu City shut up on Salinas Drive in Lahug to turn it into a business process outsourcing complex. In a revelation to the Philippine Stock Exchange on Tuesday, the property developer announced that it had submitted the winning build-transfer-operate proposal and complied with the requirements contained in the government note of award from the Economic Enterprise Council under the Office of the Governor of the Province of Cebu. The lot used to be occupied by the Bagong Buhay Rehabilitation Center and the Cebu City Treatment and Rehabilitation Center. FLI remains bullish on the BPO sector and is rapidly expanding its office portfolio to meet the needs of the industry, the disclosure said. FLI believes that Cebu, in particular, has good potential for this business. This represents an refineme nt of FLIs interest in Cebu. It is currently developing the 50. 6-hectare Citta di Mare in the South Road Properties. ii mid-rise building projects, Amalfi Oasis and San Remo Oasis, are also currently being constructed under a joint endanger with the Cebu City Government. Land development works on the Il Corso lifestyle strip are as well as ongoing. Other ongoing projects of FLI include One Oasis Cebu, a 3. 7 hectare mid-rise development with a entire of 10 buildings adjacent to the Cebu Golf and Country Club. Two buildings have been emptyd and a third is targeted for faithful by year-end.Finally, FLIs Grand Cenia Hotel and Residences condotel has recently started operations as Quest Hotel and Conference Center, a three-star hotel complete with business and conference facilities. The Cebu project also scales up FLIs BPO portfolio. As of the end of 2011, it had over 170,000 neat meters of gross leasable area (GLA) from 12 buildings in Northgate Cyberzone in Filinvest Corporate City in Muntinlupa City and PBCom lift in Makati City.At Northgate Cyberzone, another building is currently under construction and will add close to 20,000 square meters of GLA in the first half of 2013, while a 14th building is targeted to break state within the year with a GLA of 13,000 square meters. Vector Two, which was completed in the fourth quarter of 2011, is richly taken-up and has been turned over for tenant fit-outs, the disclosure said. Meanwhile, FLI is constructing a five-storey building along EDSA across the Asian study Bank building which is expected to be completed within 2012.

Native Americans in the United States and Patrick J. Buchanan Essay Example for Free

Native the Statesns in the United States and Patrick J. Buchanan EssayIn the introduction, Patrick J. Buchanan notes that Queen Elizabeth II went to the settlement of Jamestown in 2007, the towns four-hundredth anniversary. The Queen had been there before, when Jamestown was founded and again in 1957. Buchanan uses the Queens visit to Jamestown as a firsthand have intercourse of how much has assortmentd in Jamestown since its founding. He quotes the Queen, Since I visited Jamestown in 1957, my country has become a much more(prenominal) diverse society just as the Commonwealth of Virginia and the whole of the United States of America have besides undergone a major social change. Buchanan mentions how different not only Jamestown was 400 years ago still also how different her citizens were. For example, the citizens massacred Native Americans and enslaved Africans. Jamestown was not yet built about the ideas of democracy and equality. The American vicissitude was another ke y example it was fought for freedom and distance from Britain and not for equality. The only persons of power at the quantify were rich white men. Buchanan makes the point that America 400 years ago was not based around democracy, equality and diversity, so why should we value that in the present?In 1957 the Queen visited Jamestown, Virginia. The changes noted by the Queen were extreme. Virginia has indeed become a radi resoundy changed society. No longer does Richmond proudly call herself the Capital of the Confederacy. Lee-Jackson Day is out. Martin Luther King Day is in. The Confederate flag flies nowhere. This demonstrates how much can change in 350 years. Buchanan believes that 2007 Virginia is ashamed of 1957 Virginia, and the state should be proud of who she was in 1607.America in 1607 was did not preserve diversity or multicultural beliefs, so why should they now? Buchanan describes premature American settlers as having an us-or-them sentiment. For example, the early set tlers thought that their Christian faith made them superior beings and those who opposed them were inferior. Another point that Buchanan makes is when other farming such as Native American, African, or Spanish cultures were introduced to Americans they were not only rejected, but fought against in a violent manner.In 2007 Virginia culture and diversity is not only welcomed, but celebrated. Buchanan believes that this is not what the Founding Fathers of America had in mind during the creation of our country. In his concluding thoughts, Buchanan remarks that America is a changing nation curiously in the areas of diversity, democracy and equality. No longer is religion taught in schools, and with it dies the beliefs that founded this nation.

Literacy Narrative Essay Example for Free

Literacy Narrative EssayThroughout my childhood, the idea of having a college education was non bad(p)ly stressed. As a result, it was my duty as the future(a) generational child, to excel in my studies and achieve a vitality of prosperity and success. Learning became the basic establishation of my growth. Therefore, my youth was overtaken by many hours spent discovering and physical composition what was known to be correct trite English. I stolon found this to be a great shortcoming, but as I grew older, I began to realize the many rewards acquired by having the ability to be literate. During adolescence, I began reading and musical composition through a mutationda custodytal learning broadcast called, Hooked on Phonics. This program consisted of long hours spent reading short romances and written material elementary phrases which were commonly taught in the second and third base grade. With the motto, Improve your childs reading and writing skills in just four we eks I was bound to become the next Mark Twain. The method of this course specialized in the improvements of word acquisition rates as vigorous as reading speed however, it lacked in the atomic outlet 18a of teaching comprehension.At a young age, I was instilled with the dire need to be highly educated and although I was un fitting to experience a fun and adventurous childhood like many some other children, I am grateful for being increase with a greater knowledge and wisdom than that ingrained in many. From my past experiences, I nurture grown to prefer reading over writing. When I am reading, I can visualize the text in any way that I see fit. It is al closely as if I am rewriting the novel using the illusions that I feel express the words in a passage.For example, in the current fissiparous novel I am reading, it portrays a woman of high stature who is able to lure men in, like a hunter does its prey, and feed on their weaknesses. When I am reading this phrase I automatic ally visualize a fisherman trying to catch a fish using his worms as bait. Although this illustration has no reference to the novel, it is the picture that I chose to use, depicting the woman and her way of getting what she wants. As the audience, I mystify control over what I am reading and can express myself in any way that I would like, without having to worry about what society thinks of my views and opinions.Unlike reading, when writing, it is important that grammar, spelling and language terms are used correctly, so restricting me from writing in the way that I would prefer. The some stressed phrase while in high school was, It is not the content of the essay, but kind of the mechanics of grammar and speech that are most prominent. Unfortunately, I have never been one to enjoy the artistic creation of writing. In fact, I was recently effrontery a diagnostic test, determining at which level I write and whether or not I should be upgraded to a higher achieving English cl ass.Unfortunately, I did not pass the test with flying colors. This was not due to the fact that I am incapable of writing a good paper, but rather that I am unable to write in a limited amount of time, using the emphasized principles of correct grammar, vocabulary and spelling. In the reading, Shitty First Drafts, by author Anne Lamott, it is a fact that in company to write a brilliant paper, a first sketch must be created. According to Lamott, The Only way I can get anything compose at all is to write really, really shitty first drafts, all writers write them. (94) This is a repeat in which I can relate being that in order for me to begin a final examination draft, I must first have written a first draft, usually one that is in absolute disarray. From here I can begin my journey into the final essay. This is one reason why my diagnostic writing was so disorganized I didnt prepare any sort of rough draft to guide me through the writing processes, which inevitably lead to my re maining semester in penning 01 instead of Writing 10. Writing is an area that requires much preparation and efficiency, ultimately resulting in my reluctance to write just for the heck of it.Overall, writing is too complex It is rather important to be well-rounded in the aspects of reading and writing. Our country is build on the belief that English is one of the greatest languages of the world and without it anything properly called thought is impossible. Although there are many types of different cultures in America, in order for us to kick the bucket, it is greatly emphasized that we all have the ability to let loose and write in the same language. For instance, if I were to visit a foreign country, it would be to my advance to speak the same language as others.This same principle is being stressed in America today. As foreigners migrate to America, they have an obligation to learn the culture, speech and skill, learned by other American citizens and use them to their own adv antage as a mean to get ahead in life. It has become a proven fact that in order to succeed in America-with a number of relatively minor although often highly visible exceptions-it is important to speak, read, and understand English as most Americans speak it. It is also a fact that sight who dont learn to speakStandard English have a much more difficult time achieving job and career success. An example of this theory is found in the short story titled, Talking in the New Land, by Edite Cunha. Edite and her family are a legitimate example of how, speaking one language which is culturally different than that of the common language can be a disadvantage in the long run. Throughout the story Edite and her family struggled to communicate because they had no knowledge of how to post their issues to others. According to Edite, I looked at her blankly, not knowing what to say.What was a Social Security number? (549) As a result, her father was unable to collect on his unemployment and they failed to pay their rent. This is largely due to their inability to speak the English language. In any event, Edite had no choice other than to begin her lessons in learning Standard English for the sake of her and her family. The American language, commonly referred to as Standard English, is one of the most widespread languages in the world and therefore has become a tool that can help people of different backgrounds communicate with one another.It bestows a power that is almost invaluable, a power which allows us to have our own views, opinions and preferences. It gives us the freedom of speech, (The First Amendment) which inevitably allows us to express our ideas and thoughts in every fashion possible, without having to gain authority from the rest of society. There are many connections between my reading experience and the power of language. I am given the power to read in the privacy of my own home without the interruptions of others.Therefore, I am able to read aloud and gain an understanding of the text, without having an audience to critique my reading skills. I am given the power to express my opinions and views without having to debate why I had that sort of reaction to the reading. Lastly, I can read at my own pace. I have no obligation to read speedily in order to seem as though I have no complications with the words in the text. In my opinion, people should be given the right to speak and read in any language that they wish.Although, it may benefit them to be knowledgeable in the speech that is being taught and spoken in the common country, everyone has their own cultural background and each has the right to be literate in the way that they desire. They were given the right to freedom of speech through the First Amendment of the Bill of Rights and therefore, have the right to speak in their own indwelling language. Literacy plays a major role in the lives of humans today. It gives us the power to read, speak and write and is therefore a valuable asset to society and the development of its economy.

Ethical Issues Essay Example for Free

Ethical Issues EssayDifferent people have distinct understandings of what constitutes ethical behavior. There argon laws that help define what is legal and what is not, but the differences between moral moral philosophy are not al slipway clear. These types of moral ethics often lead to ethical dilemmas. According to Trevino Nelson (2007), it capacity surprise many people to learn that there were few laws protecting consumers before the 1960s. At the lift of the last century, consumers didnt even have the right to sue a manufacturer for defective equipment. (p. 17)No matter what type of business is run, there are ethical and moral dilemmas attached and in approximately cases, legal issues arise from unethical-based decisions. Berrys germ Blasters is no exception to the rule. Berrys crucify Blasters is a local company that terminates any type of pest including, armadillos, rodents, and bees. The friendly workers at Berrys work with their clients to design a customized pe st control plan. Berrys mission statement states that they provide use the safest methods for your family, home, and environment.One of the top ethical issues among pest control companies surrounds the controversy of the types of chemicals that are used mend executing the termination of pests. Most of the pest control companies are know to use toxic, synthetic, and chemic ally-based pesticides. These types of pesticides have been known to be the most stiff in the extermination of pests. However, they are not safe for people or the environment. The most common chemical used in pest control is Diazinon. Diazinon is used for household pests deep down the home, or outside on the lawn.It kills a variety of insects and is classified as an acute and chronic health hazard. Diazinon is very toxic to wildlife and can be fatal if ingested. Recently, EcoSMART pest control was created. The scientists wanted to find a pesticide that will not harm a family. The scientists had a challenge on t heir hands. They had to discover natural ingredients that in effect kill pests, could be used around the home, family, and pets, and leave no toxic residue or run-off (Meehan, 2010). The scientists strand a way of creating the organic pesticide by using essential oils that trees and plants use in nature as insect defense.They found all-natural plant oils which target the octopamine receptors in insects (Meehan, 2010). The management of Berrys Bug Blasters face the ethical decision each time that they make a service call. Should they use chemicals that they know are not good for the environment and could potentially cause an individual a lot of health issues, or should they research and use a much safer chemical that may not be as effective as other pesticides. Other benefits of choosing Berrys Bug Blasters is they are offering a monthly special to all customers for the first month and offer monthly extermination plans.There are ways to make sure that decisions that are made withi n a business are ethical. A business-person may ask him or herself how they would feel if his or her actions were publicized throughout the community. If the individual would not mind his or her family, friends, and community learning about the actions, then the decision is most likely ethical. However, if the individual did feel hurtful about others known the actions, the decision is probably unethical and should be reconsidered.The employees and management of Berrys Bug Blasters will do whatever is in their power to protect a family as well as the environment. Although new green pesticides may not seem as effective as older ones, to a greater extent laws are coming out that prevent pest control companies in using anything toxic in order to protect the community. Berrys Bug Blasters will face this ethical dilemma constantly as clients insist on using a chemical that will rid the pests once and for all without a doubt rather than take a risk with something not as strong.

Catcher in the Rye Essay Example for Free

Catcher in the Rye EssayThe story takes place in Man lidtan and is approximately a young boy named Holden Caulfield, it is nigh the learning experience that takes place and how an immature child essay to come to terms with multiple problems. In J. D. Salingers bildungsroman, Catcher in the Rye, Salinger utilizes the symbols, the red hunting hat al one(a)ies catching mitt, and the ducks in central park to portray the theme that it is impossible to preserve indispensable purity. Salinger utilizes the symbol of the red hunting hat to portray Holdens damage of innocence and travel into adulthood. Firstly, when Holden is frontmostly mentioning the hat, It further cost me a buck. I wore it, I swung the old peak way round to the back-very corny, Ill admit but I liked it that way. (17) Holden is talking ab egress how he bought the hat and just wears it to chatter his own personality and recognizes that he likes to wear it in different ways. When he is explaining why he purch ased the hat, he is trying to make people understand, he is constantly looking for acceptance from his peers and others, yet at the like term he tries to push people away by wearing the hat.This helps show that Holden is on his raceway to trying to figure out how he crapper stop the inevitable loss of innocence. Secondly, while walkway brush up the street in the cold Manhattan weather, My ears were nice and immediate, though. That hat I bought had earlaps in it. And I roll them on-I didnt give a damn how I looked. Nobody was around anyway. (53) As Holden is walking down pat(p) the street, all(a) he precautions about is what he is feeling at that moment, just trying to stay strugglem and comfortable not compassionate about what others think.One can infer here that Holden doesnt care too much about what others think, while this could be a facade to what he really feels inside, he tries to portray himself not caring about what others think and just wants to be happy. This continues to portray his path down the loss of innocence because as he starts to realize other peoples thoughts matter, he understands that he essential give a little for the acceptance of others. Finally, towards the end of the novel when Holden angers Phoebe, She wouldnt answer me.All she did was, she took off my red hunting hat-the one I gave her- and practically chucked it right in my face. Then she false her back on me again. It nearly killed me. (207) Phoebe is angered by Holdens immaturity and his lack of caring for others and crushes Holdens last spirits toward innocence. With ties to the last person in the world crumbling, Holden begins to last(a)ly question his strength on life and must decide whether or not he is going to try and alleviate the last relationship or completely isolate himself.Holden realizes that by his sisters actions and her disregard of the hunting hat, that he must grow up and this starts a chain reaction within him that could be a cause of his s ectionalisation but it is unknown, Holden finally comes to terms with this loss of innocence and realizes that there is nothing that he can do to stop it. Allies catching mitt is also used in the portrayal of the loss of innocence in Holden and the characters around him. We are first shown the mitt when Holden is doing the composition on the catchers Mitt, He had poems written all over the fingers and the pocket and everywherehe wrote them on it so that hed have something to take in when he was in the field and nobody was up to bat. Hes defunct now. (39) This is the first time the reader sees Holden tear up and let some of his emotions sterilize the best of him, he is talking of his dead brother Allie who meant a lot to him. One can infer that this was one of the more important relationships that Holden had and the loss of this relationship causes Holden to feel a series of symptoms and change the way he interacts with people.With the death of his brother Allie, Holden experienc es for the first time, the lost of a loved one, one of the few people that he makes attachments with and this causes him to try and preserve the innocence within other children and even adults that he meets on his journey. The next time we see the glove, Holden is recollecting his past memories of Jane, She was the only one, foreign my family, that I ever showed Allies baseball mitt too, with all the poems written on it. (77) Jane was some other person who Holden allowed himself to outsmart close to he shows this by showing Jane his brothers mitt.Holden is trying to get Jane close to him so that he can have someone in his life that is pure and cares about him, by showing her the mitt he is revealing a part of him that no one outside of his family knows about. He sees the innocence in Jane and wants to try and preserve it he wants to get close to Jane to keep her out of the adult world and not allow her to be corrupted by the world around her. The final time the glove is mentione d, Holden is having a flashback on when D. B. ants to prove a point, He made Allie go get his baseball mitt and then asked him who was the best war poet, Rupert Brooke or Emily Dickenson. Allie said Emily Dickenson (140) This is one of the only clock we see Allie alive and the whole family, besides Phoebe, together. Allies innocence is portrayed through the glove, when D. B. asks him which WWII author was better, one that was in the war or one that never saw a day in the war, Allie answers with the latter. This can be interpreted as Allie seeing how the other author was not corrupted in the war and her work was more pure.

Sports and women Essay Example for Free

Sports and wo workforce renderGender pre larn in the Statesn Sports Lack of Opportunity, Lack of administrative Positions and Lack of C all everywhereage in Womens Sports Submitted by Erik F. Person, CSCS, Doctoral Candidate, USSA In the early days, fe masculine volley egg piddle awayers were cauti championd non to expose too more than . A hundred years later, they were encouraged to expose more. The nail down Idiots demand to Womens Sports. pg. 281.If pack want to come check us emerge because theyre scoping our bodies, I simulatet feed a problem with that, because I guarantee theyll go home talking some our athleticism. pg. 283.These women ar as deft at handling the ball as they be lipstick. pg. 262.Lets look facts here. Lesbians in the sport hurt womens golf..Laura Davies is built worry a tank. pg. 66The reason for this media frenzy dubbed Annamania is simple Shes blond, shes flirtatious and shes pretty. Never, ever, underestimate the power of a virile sport s editor smitten. pg. 52.The Olympic Games should be a solemn and bimestrial exaltation of phallic athleticism with internationalism as a base, inscription as a means, humanities for its setting, and fe manly applause as reward. Pierre de Coubertin. Idiots Guide. pg. 31.If thither atomic number 18 two people the same, would I prefer to date women coaching women? As role models, I think its beta. that non to sacrifice a program. Pat Babcock. N.Y. Times. 2002Copyright (c) 2002 2010 United States Sports Academy. All rights reserved. All submitted material, once O.K. by the Editorial Board and published, becomes the prop HomeGender Bias in American Sports Lack of Opportunity, Lack of Administrative Positions and Lack of Coverage in Womens Sports Submitted by Erik F. Person, CSCS, Doctoral Candidate, USSA In the early days, female volleyball players were cautioned not to expose too much . Ahundred years later, they were encouraged to expose more. The Complete Idiots Guide to Wo mens Sports. pg. 281. If people want to come check us out because theyre scoping our bodies, I dont absorb a problem with that, because I guarantee theyll go home talking round our athleticism. pg. 283. These women atomic number 18 as deft at handling the ball as they be lipstick. pg. 262.Lets face facts here. Lesbians in the sport hurt womens golf..Laura Davies is built like a tank. pg. 66 The reason for this media frenzy dubbed Annamania is simple Shes blond, shes flirtatious and shes pretty. Never, ever, underestimate the power of a male sports editor smitten. pg. 52. The Olympic Games should be a solemn and periodic exaltation of male athleticism with internationalism as a base, loyalty as a means, arts for its setting, and female applause as reward. Pierre de Coubertin. Idiots Guide. pg. 31. If at that place are two people the same, would I prefer to see women coaching women? As role models, I think its important. But not to sacrifice a program. Pat Babcock. N.Y. Times. 20 02 IntroductionWomen in America have made tremendous strides in the last 100 years of American invoice. Politically, women gained the right to balloting in 1920, through the 19th amendment. In the workforce, the Equal Pay Act of 1963 allowed women the right to equal cave in for the same job as their male coming backparts. In the sports world, women gained the right to play in 1972 by fashion of Title IX of the Educational Amendments. In malevolence of these strides however, sexual urge parti pris continues to exist. It is difficult to think of a greater in unspoiledice which effects the absolute majority of people in the United States.According to the 2006 U.S. Census Bureau, just over half of the U.S. Population is female, (50.7%), yet bias against women, the majority, persists. Due to the strong traditions of our patriarchal society, women continue to face an uphill climb. Gender is the neutral term for the two sexes, male and female. Bias is defined as unreasoned judgmen t, a bent or tendency, prejudicial. (Merrimans Collegiate Dictionary, 1993). Gender bias then, is to show favor or partiality, toward one of the sexes exclusively because of gender.Or said in the negative, to not show impartiality based upon gender. In spite of these gender neutral definitions, it is clear in American culture, that gender bias has been and continues to be highly slant against women. From the academic setting of classrooms (Bailey 1992) and college admissions, to the workplace with lower salaries, (AAWU report, 2008) lack of job opportunities and bleak forecasts for advancement, women continue to be discriminated against. The hegemonic male culture, consciously or not, creates an antagonistic environment for females. Nowhere is this more true than the environment of sports. Opportunity BiasOne of the three prongs of the Title IX law has to do with equal participation fortune in proportion to student enrollment as it pertains to federally funded centers of education . musical composition millions of girls have benefited from the implementation of Title IX, there are still playing field of honors where females are still unwelcome. Traditional wisdom, that girls are only worthy for activities which emulate the aesthetic side of sports such as gymnastics, ice skating, cheer leading, etc., persists, a foresightful with the notion that females should not engage in high physical contact activities such as wrestling, football or rugby.While TitleIX mandates equal opportunity, it does not mandate equal opportunity in specific sports. American football for precedent does not have an exact feminine equivalent, so girls are hurln opposite options besides football. (Volleyball, field Hockey). Options do not always mean equal. Gender bias occurs not only because there is no football team for women to play on, but rather that is only the outcome of the outsizer problem. The real gender bias has to do with the male, and some measures female, attitudes of what defines masculinity and what defines femininity. Due to the pervading male influence, gender typing occurs early during a girls development. Gender typing is attributing qualities, characteristics, attributes, temperaments, demeanor and behavior due to a gender.That is, making generalizations about a person, and how they act or should act, based upon preconceived notions and definitions of their gender. Through the power of suggestion, gender socialization begins at a genuinely early age. Subtly, or not so subtly, a girl hears messages throughout her life history that females arent good at math and science, and proficiency in math and science are postulate to become, for example, a space traveler, so the logical conclusion for her is that she can not go into space. The argument that, if girls had the top executive to become astronauts we would see more of them, is self defeating when we have not given them the opportunity to do so in the first place. More plausibly, is that a self fulfilling prophecy has occurred. Expectations have shaped a behavior, which in turn shapes future expectations. This cycle usually conforms to the dominant cultural theme, and in our example, the dominant theme is male supremacy.Interestingly however, not all female athletes share the feminist view. McClung and Blind, (2002) found in the vast majority of their interviews with female college athletes, a desensitized attitude toward womens sport issues. In their study, women said things such as we smelling privileged to play college sports, as argue to a right, and gender equity issues are not important to me. The main reason sighted for the lack of passion was due to lack of time, and former(a) obligations. The sports world is sloping against women in terms of opportunity in the professional ranks as well. Title IX has helped women with participation opportunity but only in educational settings, and speaks aught of post college athletics. With the relative success of the WNBA more women basketball game players have the opportunity to make a living playing a professional sport.Relative to the mens opportunities however, economically it pales in comparison, $55,000 versus $4,000,000 (the average salary). Without the potential prospect of playing professionally, girls devote less time to the sport, focusing rather on other pursuits such as relationships, and academics, further establishing thegender logic in American culture that women are not interested in sports for the long term, or that they do not have the commitment needed to pursue athletics as a vocation. Again, this is a self defeating argument, as the WNBA has shown. some(prenominal) franchises have been able to maintain healthy fan bases in the short 12 years history of the league. Part of the issue with lack of professional opportunity for women is linked to sponsorship bias. Companies looking to use sports to market their point of intersection do not look to womens sport first. Comp anies are concerned with getting a snuff it on their advertising dollar. The perception is that their return will not be as great if they throne in women sport teams.Whether it be through product endorsement contracts with specific athletes, facility or locale sponsorship, or capital investment in a specific team, corporations view the WNBA as a punt target, at best, investment. Justified as a reasonable business decision, the purse holders have a hard negative affect upon a team, the league in general, and womens sports as a whole. Understandably, companies have a responsibility to be prudent investors for their constituents. However, at the same time, they may be missing an opportunity to tally their product with a market they have yet to completely associate it with, say 51% of the population. This liquidity issue in womens sports is closely tied with the bias of the media. Even with the advancements of the LPGA and the USWTA, Greendorfer suggests that women are still li mit within ideological structures of patriarchy. Media BiasArguably, the media creates fans. Several mens professional and collegial teams have national audiences. Notre Dame football, New York Yankees, Penn State football, Dallas Cowboys, and the Cleveland Cavaliers, to name a few. The reasons for each of these teams captivating a large and diverse audience are galore(postnominal) and as varied as their fan base. The media, along with many other variables (such as the location of the team, franchise or team history and legacy, colorful characters, and team success), play a role as to how that team is perceived by the public. Within the greater public are potential fans. Television reporting, magazine articles, radio broadcasts etc., all influence whether a team will earn a national fan base.Mens sports have known that word picture pays for a long time, and with the increasing technological ability to feed fans the sport information they want, it would seem to be a relatively e asy task for the networks to maneuver womens sports coverage more toward the front web and paper pages. The very important 1996 work of Messner et al. details the shortcomings of media coverage of womens sports, and the bias they exude. Messner and his colleagues analyzed and compared the 1993 NCAA basketball championship coverage for both men and women. Their conclusion, in part, was that the television industry actively builds audiences for mens games while weakness to do so for womens games.(Yiannakis. p.330). This is no small point. Potential sponsors look at viewer ratings to determine potential investments. If ratings are lower than they deem necessary, the event will not be a target. However, without the media coat the event adequately, that is to say, billing it with the same hype, energy, enthusiasm and professionalism as the mens games, fewer viewers are most certainly likely. Without the national exposure, womens sports will continue to be a second rate investment becau se that is what the networks have created. Messner says that the networks position is were just giving the fans what they want. The counter to that is, they want that because you have made it more inviting to want that. The circus is more fun when theres three rings instead of two. The media also appears to be bias against womens sports by the way the events are covered.The shear quantity of coverage is a fraction of the mens coverage. Messner found during the 1993 basketball tournaments, for example, that 41 stories ran for the men, and only 10 for the women, the mens stories ran longer than the womens, were more in depth, and had more video footage. In short, the media was telling the viewing audiences which of the two events they wanted you to watch, which was of better quality, and in the long run, building an audience of viewers so they can charge future sponsors top dollar. Television networks have the ability to build audiences, and they distinguish to with mens sports.Anoth er way media is bias against women and proliferates gender typing is by the way women athletes are spoken of. Messner points out, that even collegiate mascot names for womens teams, con notate a feminine, softer version of the male equivalent. The Lions as compared to the Lionesses. Or the Lady Bear Cats, emphasizing the female version of the game as opposed to just the game. Messner makes the jump that this is a type of gender marking, reminding the audience that they are watching something other than a basketball game. In fact the very name of the the two basketball tournaments is very telling, from The Final quartette to The Womens Final Four. Making this distinction, Messner argues, gives the womens tournament a patronizing tone.Messner makes many other salient points regarding coverage differences amid the mens and the womens tournaments, all indicating that womens sports are a niche, and mens is mainstream. One of those differences is how women are portrayed in the media. Tra dition holds that women are weak, or at best, not as strong as men, that they are the softer sex, the more emotional, the more aesthetically pleasing, beautiful. In other words, if society was going to accept the new members on their playing fields it was going to be through on their terms.Their terms included the sexualization of womens sports. From the quotes on the first page of this paper we can see the varied opinions within the womens sports consummation. Those varying opinions have caused controversy and confusion. On the one hand, women want nothing more than to be given equal opportunity to play and equal coverage from the media. Further they desire to be respected for their physical abilities and skills.They wish to be rewarded for their sporting achievements. On the other hand, some women athletes think they they can not get the exposure needed to win over large numbers of fans unless they give the fans another reason for coming to their events besides observing athlet ic ability. In the modern women sports media market this hoggish mentality (as mareh Burt Nelson once quipped) has translated into women being regarded, identified and valued more for how they look than how they perform. Recent stories of tennis stars Anna Kournikova, Maria Sharapova and the Williams sisters attests to this fact. While added exposure has given womens sports more exposure in the media, perhaps it is not the exposure they had hoped for, and further it does send mixed messages to younger women athletes who are the future of the movement.In effect the male hegemony has won again, trivializing womens sports. Unable to stop the cultural load train they saw coming with Billie Jean King, a mans world has set the switches and the tracks so as to control the trains close stop reducing womens sports to a public peep show, the impact of the social order is preserved. Ironically, this media bias is also rampant among female reporters who dont know which cause to fight for, t heir career or the social injustice that is gender inequality. Female football sideline reporters of the major television networks, are asked to be both sexy and competent. When ABC was asked why they engage a female the response was, we know that 40% of our viewing audience for these games are females.They need someone on the screen they can relate to. Im sure the other 60% of the viewing audience didnt object. Monday Night Football hired a new sideline reporter to replace Melissa Stark. As Randy Sandomir reported in the N.Y. Times on the story of the new hire, Clearly there are conflicting agendas within the movement to curb gender bias. Purists of the movement may be getting a queasy feeling in their stomach, while the new generation of women liberals subscribe to the old entertainment adage that even bad iron is good press. Administration BiasBriefly I will conclude with the third part of gender bias in womens sports. Prior to the implementation of Title IX in 1978, 90% of wo men collegiate sports were being coached by women. According to the 2007 Knight Commission on Sports, the NCAA watchdog, 42% of women collegiate teams are being coached by women, an all time low. Further only 18 % of all college athletic directors, 12% of all college sport information directors, and 27% of head athletic trainers, are women. (2% of mens collegiate programs were being coached by women in 2004.) Coakley get hold ofs part of the reason for this change to be the more lucrative contracts for womens coaching positions. Geno Auriemma, the head coach of the University of Connecticut Womens Basketball team will earn over 2 million dollars this year in salary and endorsements.Once the big money started coming in to Womens basketball in the early 1990s, men started vying for the positions with more determination. Whereas before the success of basketball powerhouses such as Connecticut, Tennessee, LSU and Stanford, womens jobs were generally not considered as serious positions. Money changed all that. Womens sports is caught between a rock and a hard place. If they advocate for stronger pay, men come in and take over the coaching positions. If they ask the public to look at their athletic skills, there will be no fan base. If they ask us to look at other parts of their bodies, they are thought to be prostituting themselves to the highest bidder, all in the name of recognition.When women accept this role it reinforces the traditional male / female value system of rules which they have tried to distance themselves from. The proverbial glass ceiling for women in the sports work place is illustrated when we consider that 80% of sport communication positions are held by men. Women will continue to face an uphill skirmish for equal opportunity to play, equal representation in the coaching ranks, and equal media attention due to the male culture of superiority, but the womens sport movement is doing no favors for themselves when they send mixed messages to bot h sides of the tracks. The freight train has arrived, now it just needs a conductor.