Importance of Accounting in the Hospitality Industry

Importance of Accounting in the Hospitality fabricationBroadly speaking, the process of pecuniary circumspection takes place at dickens levels. At the individual level, pecuniary management involves tailoring expenses according to the pecuniary resources of an individual. Individuals with surplus bullion or access to funding invest their notes to make up for the impact of taxation and inflation. Else, they sp finale it on arbitrary items. They need to be able to take the monetary decisions that argon think to benefit them in the long run and help them deliver the goods their pecuniary goals.From an organizational drive of view, the process of financial management is associated with financial cooking and financial swear. fiscal devisening seeks to quantify various financial resources lendable and plan the size and timing of expenditures. Financial control refers to monitoring cash flow. Inflow is the amount of money coming into a finical company, while outflow is a record of the expenditure being made by the company. Managing this movement of funds in relation to the figure is essential for a affair.At the corporate level, the main aim of the process of managing finances is to achieve the various goals a company sets at a given take aim of time. Businesses in addition seek to generate substantial amounts of profits, following a particular set of financial processes.Financial managers aim to boost the levels of resources at their disposal. Besides, they control the functioning on money put in by international investors. Providing investors with sufficient amount of returns on their investments is one of the goals that any company tries to achieve. efficient financial management ensures that this becomes possible.WHY IS ACCOUNTING IS IMPORTAN IN THE HOSPITALITY pains?A proper account system is essential to any business whether big or small in order to manage its chance(a) functions and keep the businesses running successfully.For any successful business, the main obligation is to increase profits, minimize any loss and at the same time harbor its position as a responsible entity within the society goat every successful business is a sound financial model. This bare(a) theory holds true in any business, whether it is retail, manufacturing, or high tech. It nearly certainly is true in the hospitality business.By employing basic invoice principles, hotel owners and managers have the selective reading they need to optimize execution in every operational area, from inventory and payroll to sales and marketing. They can reduce expenses, be pass waterd to accommodate guests during peak business times, and scale back trading operations during slow periods. Rather than relying on intuition and reacting to events, successful owners have the financial facts readily available to proactively make the right decisions at the right time.A good financial system goes well beyond developing an yearbook budget. The finan cial system needs to provide the mechanism for managers to easily compensate performance against the budget, identify issues and rapidly make adjustments, and create and use reports that leave behind give them accurate financial status at any orient in time. Just as importantly, there must be managers in place who are trained and accountable for meeting financial objectives.A good financial system goes well beyond developing an yearly budget. The financial system needs to provide the mechanism for managers to easily chase after performance against the budget, identify issues and rapidly make adjustments, and create and use reports that go away give them accurate financial status at any point in time. Just as importantly, there must be managers in place who are trained and accountable for meeting financial objectives. unlikeness FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING WITH TH E FANANCIAL MANAGEMENTThere are two broad types of accounting information Financial Accounts geared toward external users o f accounting information and Management Accounts aimed more at internal users of accounting informationAlthough there is a difference in the type of information presented in financial andmanagement accounts, the underlying objective is the same to satisfy the information needs of the user.Financial accounts describe the performance of a business everyplace a specific period and the state of affairs at the end of that period. The specific period is often referred to as the Trading Period and is usually one year long. The period-end date as the Balance Sheet insure .Companies that are incorporated under the Companies Act 1989 are undeniable by law to prepare and publish financial accounts. The level of detail required in these accounts reflects the size of the business with smaller companies being required to prepare only brief accounts.The format of published financial accounts is determined by several different regulatory elements Company Law, Accounting Standards and Stock Exc hange.Financial accounts concentrate on the business as a whole quite than analysing the component parts of the business. For example, sales are aggregated to provide a figure for total sales rather than publish a tiny analysis of sales by product, market etc.Most financial accounting information is of a monetary natureBy definition, financial accounts present a historic perspective on the financial performance of the businessManagement accounts are used to help management record, plan and control the activities of a business and to assist in the decision-making process. They can be prepared for any period (for example, many retailers prepare daily management information on sales, margins and stock levels). There is no legal indispensableness to prepare management accounts, although few (if any) well-run businesses can survive without them. There is no pre-determined format for management accounts. They can be as detailed or brief as management wish.Management accounts can focus on specific areas of a business activities. For example, they can provide insights into performance of Products, speciate business locations (e.g. different hotels in chain) and Departments / divisions.Management accounts usually include a wide variety of non-financial information. For example, management accounts often include analysis of Employees (number, costs, productiveness etc.), Sales volumes (units sold etc.) and Customer transactions (e.g. number of calls received into a call centre)Management accounts largely focus on analysing historical performance. However, they also usually include some forward-looking elements e.g. a sales budget cash-flow forecast

Children of parents who misuse alcohol

Children of p bents who ill-usage alcoholic beverageic beverageChildren Of P atomic number 18nts Who Mis engagement alcoholic beverage Or SubstancesIntroductionIt is estimated that in that respect be between 200,000 and 300,000 tikeren in England and Wales where one and only(a) or both pa brings choose serious dose problems. Research and local knowledge create sh own that center field and alcohol disparage in p arnts or large(predicate) women spate name a significant impact on parenting and increase risk, especi all toldy for babies and jr. children ( cloak-and-dagger legal injury 2003). This does not mean that parents who experience way / alcohol debauch are poor parents. However the impact of substance misuse problems can, on both(prenominal) occasions lead to children and families needing additional support or in a small number of cases support and multi mode disciplinary deed to prevent significant harm.The most effective judicial decision and support comes b y means of good information sharing, joint assessment of need, joint planning, professional combine within the inter confidence network and joint action in partnership with families.These guide statements get into whenever in that respect are professional concerns about the well macrocosm or condom of children whose parents or troublers have substance/ alcohol misuse problems, specifically where these difficulties are impacting, or are likely to impact, on their ability to meet the demand of their children. These guidelines also apply to professionals working with heavy(predicate) women who have substance/ alcohol misuse problems, where their partners are cognise to have substance/alcohol problems or where someone with substance misuse problems is living in a sign of the zodiac where children are present.Aims2.1. To increase the professionals understanding of the impact of an handsomes substance misuse problems on childrens lives.2.2. To enable popular and specialist ser ve to improve their identification of children in need where large(p) substance/alcohol misuse is a problem2.3. To enhance the formulation of co-ordinated services to families in which there are dependant children of parents, carers or great(predicate) women with substance/ alcohol misuse problems.Principles3.1. All those who come into contact with children, their parents and families in their everyday work have a duty to safeguard and fire the welfare of children.3.2. Parents, carers and pregnant women with substance/ alcohol misuse problems have the decently to be supported in fulfilling their parental roles and responsibilities.3.3. A multi agency cuddle to assessment and service provision is in the best interest of children and their parents/ carers.3.4. risk is reduced when information is shared effectively across agencies.3.5. Risk to children is reduced through effective multi agency and multi disciplinary working.3.6. While m some(prenominal) parents, carers and pregn ant women with substance/ alcohol abuse problems safeguard their childrens well being, childrens life chances whitethorn be limited or threatened as a emergence of these factors, and professionals need to consider this possibility.Identifying The Need Of Children, Their Parents Or Carers, Or Pregnant Women With Substance/ Alcohol Misuse Problems4.1. The birth of whatsoever spick-and-span child changes relationships and often brings recent pressures to parents. Agencies need to be sensitive and antiphonary to the changing needs of parents with substance/ alcohol misuse problems.4.2. Parents, carers or pregnant women with substance / alcohol misuse problems whitethorn have difficulties which impact on their ability to meet the needs of their children, unborn child or new baby.4.3. The adverse effects of alcohol/substance misuse on children are typically multiple and cumulative and will vary according to the childs stage of development. They may embroil fetal alcohol syndrome, c hastisement to thrive, blood-borne virus infections incomplete immunisation and otherwise inadequate health care a wide range of emotional, cognitive, behavioural and other psychological problems ahead of time substance misuse and offending behaviour and poor education attainment. These can range greatly in severity or may often be subtle and difficult to detect.4.4. There is growing recount to put forward that children often take on a caring role in families where there is parental medicine or alcohol use. In some cases, it is particularly hard for children to cope with one or more parents with medicine or alcohol dependency and they need help and support.4.5. The risk of harm to the child may be reduced by effective intervention and support for the affected parent(s) and by other factors such as the comportment of at least one other consistent, caring adult a stable home with adequate financial resources maintenance of family routines and activities and stock attending a t a supportive school.Guidelines For Referral And Assessment For Pregnant Women With Substance/ Alcohol Misuse Problems5.1 All agencies are responsible for identifying pregnant women with substance/ alcohol misuse problems who may be in need of additional services and support.5.2. When a professional identifies a pregnant women experiencing substance/ alcohol misuse problems an assessment moldiness be undertaken to determine what services she requires. This must include gathering relevant information from her GP, PDAC, the Midwifery service, in addition to any other agencies involved, to ensure that the full background is obtained about any quick or previous diagnosis, or treatment for mental illness.5.3. Consideration must be given to the impact and harm continued substance misuse has on an unborn child. Where this assessment identifies that a pregnant woman has substance / alcohol misuse problems a referral must be make to Powys Childrens services for a pre-birth assessment.5.4. Where the need for a referral is unclear, this must be discussed with a line manager or the Safeguarding Childrens Team. If a referral is not made this must be clearly documented. Staff should ensure that all decisions and the concord course of action are signed and dated. Section 10 gives guidelines in relation to assessment of risk.5.5. A pre-birth assessment should be undertaken on all pre birth referrals and a multi agency meeting held to share information. If a pre-birth multi agency meeting is not needed this must be endorsed by a manager and the reason for the decision clearly recorded on the agencys records.Guidance For Referral To Pdac6.1. In the case of pregnant women where there is evidence of problematic use of illicit, proprietary or prescribed drugs or alcohol, agencies decorous cognizant of the evidence should initially discuss the benefits of a referral to PDAC with the individual. If there is apprehension referral should thus be made to the appropriate area offi ce of PDAC. This referral may be made initially by phone, but should be followed up immediately with a written referral. In the event that the woman is already a client of PDAC it would be appropriate to confirm that the pregnancy is known to them.In the event of a woman refusing to agree to a referral being made it is the responsibility of the agency to consider whether a referral can be made without consent on Child Protection grounds. This would need to be subject of discussions between all the appropriate agencies Childrens Services, Police, Health and so forth PDAC will always be willing to discuss the appropriateness of referral introductory to formal contact being made.Guidance For Referral To Powys Childrens ServicesA referral for an initial assessment to Childrens services must always be made if a parent carer or pregnant woman is considered to have significant substance/ alcohol problems. A referral should be discussed with a line manager.NB If a child is in immediate da nger then a referral to the police/ cordial services should be made.Partnership workingAssessment and identification of parents, carers and childrens needs for services is not a static process. The assessment should also inform future work and pattern in an evaluation of the progress and effectiveness of any intervention.Where more than one agency continues to be involved in a joint assessment or provision of services for parents or carers with substance misuse problems, and their children, regular review dates must be set to jointly review the piazza and to ensure that interagency work continues to be co-ordinated. Each agency should document their own actions and responsibilities clearly and also the roles and responsibilities of other agencies.ReferencesAll Wales Child Protection ProceduresChildren conduct 1989Children Act 2004DOH (2000). Framework for the Assessment of Children in Need and their Families.Hidden Harm (ACMD) 2003Appendix AGuidelines For Professionals For Asses sing Risk When Working With Drug victimisation ParentsThe following assessment guidelines were developed by the Standing Conference on Drug Abuse (SCODA) May 1997 to assist professionals in identifying children who may be in need or at risk as a result of parental substance/ alcohol misuse. They should be used as guidelines in the holistic assessment of the family.Parental Drug Use1. Is there a drug free parent, supportive partner or relative?2. Is the drug use by the parent Experimental? Recreational? Chaotic? hooklike?3. Does the user move between categories at various times? Does the drug use also involve alcohol?4. ar levels of childcare different when a parent is using drugs and when not using?5. Is there any evidence of coexistence of mental health problems alongside the drug use? If there is, do the drugs cause these problems, or have these problems led to the drug use?Accommodation And The Home Environment6. Is the fitting adequate for children?7. ar the parents ensuri ng that the rent and bills are paid?8. Does the family remain in one area or move frequently, if the latter, why?9. argon other drug users sharing the accommodation? If they are, are relationships with them harmonious, or is there conflict?10. Is the family living in a drug using community?11. If parents are using drugs, do children come across the taking of the drugs, or other substances?12. Could other aspects of the drug use clear a risk to children (e.g. conflict with or between dealers, exposure to sad activities related to drug use)?13. Is there adequate food, clothing and warmth for the children?14. Are the children attending school regularly?15. Are children engaged in age-appropriate activities?16. Are the childs emotional needs being adequately met?17. Are there any indications that any of the children are taking on a parenting role within the family (e.g. caring for other children, excessive household responsibilities etc)? procurement Of Drugs18. Are the children left alone while their parents are procuring drugs?19. Because of their parents drug use are the children being taken to places where they could be at risk?20. How much are the drugs costing?21. How is the money obtained?22. Is this causing financial problems?23. Are the exposit being used to sell drugs?24. Are parents allowing their premises to be used by other drug users?Provision Of canonic NeedsHealth Risks25. If drugs and/or injecting equipment are kept on the premises, are they kept securely?26. Are the children awake of where the drugs are kept?27. If parents are intravenous drug usersDo they share injecting equipment?Do they use a needle exchange scheme?How do they dispose of syringes?Are parents sensible of the health risks of injecting or using drugs?28. If parents are on a stand-in prescribing programme, such as methadoneAre parents aware of the dangers of children accessing this medication?Do they take adequate precautions to ensure this does not happen?29. Are parents aware of, and in touch with, local specialist agencies who can advise on such issues such as needle exchanges, substitute prescribing programmes, detox and reformation facilities? If they are in touch with agencies, how regular is the contact?Family Social mesh And Support Systems30. Do parents and children associate primarily withOther drug users?Non-users? two?31. Are relatives aware of the drug use? Are they supportive?32. allow parents accept help from the relatives and other agencies?Parents Perception Of The Situation33. The degree of social isolation should be considered particularly for those parents living in remote areas where resources may not be available and they may experience social stigmatisation.Do the parents see their drug use as harmful to themselves or to their children?Do the parents place their own needs before the needs of their children?Are the parents aware of the legislative and procedural context applying to their circumstances, (e.g. child protection procedures, statutory powers?

Objectives Of A Co Operative Society Commerce Essay

Objectives Of A Co Operative Society traffic EssayAnand take out Union Ltd. was founded in 1946 and is sucker which is managed by Gujarat cooperative Milk sight Federation Ltd an Indian cooperative organisation (GCMMF), which today is jointly owned by 3.3 million take out manufacturers in Gujarat, India. It spurred the discolour revolution in india which in turn made India the largest producer of draw and milk products in the creative activity. Its annual turnover in the year 2011-2012 reached to US$ 2.5 billion. Its daily milk procurement is nearly 13 million lit from 16,117 closure milk cooperative societies.GCMMF has now hold up the largest exporter of India. Many of its products atomic number 18 available in countries like USA, Gulf Countries, Singapore, The Philippines, Japan, China and Australia.Since the mid mid-nineties AMUL has entered beas that argon not directly related to its core business. Its entry into the field of honor of frozen products was quite su ccessful as it was able to capture a large market sh atomic number 18 in quite a sm entirely while.Over the last five and a half decades, dairy cooperatives shit created an economic ne cardinalrk that links 3.1 million village milk producers with millions of consumers in India.Its products range frommilk, butter, ghee,cheese, Masti Dahi, Yoghurt, Buttermilkchocolate, nut case cream, cream, shrikhand, paneer, gulab jamuns, flavoured milk, basundi, Nutramul brand and others. In January 2006, it launched Indias first sports drink Stamina, which plans to cope with Coco-Cola, Pepsi, Gatorade etc. It also introduced Kool Koko, a a chocolate milk brand extending its product offering in the milk products segment. Its sugar free pro-biotic ice cream won The International dairy Federation selling pose in 2007.Logo Of The Company2.1 NATURE OF THE COMPANYThe frame Amul itself indicates that it is a co-operative union. There are various types of co-operative society which are as to a lower place(1) Producers or manufactures co-operative society(2) Consumer co-operative society(3) Housing co-operative society(4) co-operative farming(5) co-operative opinion solvencyThis firm is the firm of association in which person combine in concert toformasocietyforthepurposeofmanufacturinggoods.Althoughitis democratic management of industrial production. This is multipurpose where large capital is neither necessary nor much technical and apt knowledge of themanagement is needed. In India nearly of the Sugar mill and ginning mills are running chthonic this formation. Dairies are also adopting co-operating format.Amul is the producers co-operative society.ORGANISATION STRUCTURE- disposal social system is divided into two partsExternal boldness StructureInternal organisation Structure1.External Organization StructureExternal Organization Structure is the organization structure that affects the organization from the outside.State Level Marketing FederationDistrict Milk Product Union Ltd.Village Milk Product Union Ltd.VillagersAs we know, GCMMF is a unit of Gujurat Milk Marketing Federation, which is a co-operative organization. The villagers of to a greater extent than 10000 villages of Gujarat are the bases of this structure. They all make village milk producers union, district level milk producers union and then a state level marketing federation is established. The structure is a stemma relationship, which appends easy way to operation. It also provides crack communication between two stages..2.Internal Organization StructureThe following is internal organization chart of Amul chairManaging DirectorGeneral double-deckerAssistant General coach-and-four pay Dept. Production Dept Marketing Dept. Sales Purchase Dept Personnel Dept. major(postnominal) Manager Senior Manager Senior Manager Senior Manager Senior ManagerFinance Mana. Production Mana. Marketing mana. Sales Mana. Personnel ManagerAccounting officer Marketing Officer P.R.F Officers Supervi sors F.S.R Salesman ExecutiveA regularwelldefinedorganizationalstructureplaysavital roleprovides accurate learning to the top-level management. An organization structure defines a clear-cut line of authorities responsibilities among the employees of GCMMF. The Organization structure of Amul is well-arranged structure. At a glance a person fag completely come to know nighthe organization structure.Amulisleadedbythedirectorunderhimfivebranchesviz.Factory,Marketing,Accounts, Purchase, Human Resources Department. Factory subdivision has a separate general manager under him there are six braches viz.Production,Stores,Distribution,ColdStorage,Quality,andDeep-freezing.This surgical incision takes tutelage of thefactory work .Marketing department has regional senior marketing manager and under him there is a regional manager. This department takes careof the marketing aspects of Amul.Accountsdepartmenttakescareregardingaccountsi.e. bothdaywork.Undertheaccountant there is one clerk. Purchase department takes care regarding the obtain of raw materials and many other things.2.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE ORGANISATIONEvery organization is punctuate up with some objectives to fulfill. The objectives may be social, economic, national and kind.Amul was also come out up with some basic objectives to fulfill including all social, economic, national and human objectives.Following are the objectives of AmulSocial ObjectivesAmul has an objective to supply goods with best of prime(prenominal) and purity at very apt rates.It helped to reduce malpractices carried out by merchants and milk traders.Its White revolution made a huge portion to the alleviation of poverty and famine levels from levels that were dangerously lowNational ObjectivesAmul has helped India to enlarge its production of milk by 40 million metric tonnes and become the country with the most milk production all over the worldTo increase the foreign exchange of the country by exporting the milk productsTo produ ce products according to national prioritiesTo help improve the health and commissariat of many within the country.Human ObjectivesTo help the villagers associated with Amul to sell their milk productsTo provide good working conditions to the employeesTo provide growth opportunities to the backward and unprivileged villagersTo provide avocation satisfaction to the employeesEconomic ObjectivesExpansion of distribution network.Creative and Unique marketing strategies.Optimum utilization of available resources.Creation and expansion of loyal client base.Even though the basic objective is not to make profit, some profits are still to be made so as to survive and expand.3.1 CONCLUSIONThe Amul model has helped India to emerge as the largest milk producer in the world. More than 15 million milk producers pour their milk in 1,44,246 dairy cooperative societies across the country. Their milk is processed in 177 District Co-operative Unions and marketed by 22 State Marketing Federations, en suring a better life for millions.Someone beautifully said that when you buy from small shops, you are not helping a MNC CEO buy a tercet vacation home, but helping a little girl tie school education, a little boy determine his cricket bat, a mom put food on the table or a family repay a housing loan. It is this India that we need to believe in and care for.-CHAIRMAN SPEECH at the 38th Annual General Body shock held on 31st May, 2012.We would sincerely like to thank our business studies teacher for giving us this project as it has enriched and enhanced our knowledge about cooperative socities.ACTUAL FINDINGSThe managers at Amul provided us with alot of information as to how and when it was formed. It all began when milk became a emblem of protest. The birth of Amul was inspired by the granting immunity movement and was founded in 1946 to stop the exploitation by middlemen.The seeds of Amul were sown more than 65 years ago in Anand, a small town in Gujarat, western India. Ange red by the manipulative practices of the local trade cartel, the farmers of Anand approached the great Indian patriot Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel for a solution. He advised them to get rid of middlemen and form their own co-operative, which would have procurement, processing and marketing under their control.In 1946, the farmers of this area went on a milk strike refusing to be cowed down by the cartel. Under the inspiration and guidance of great leading like Sardar Patel, Morarji Desai and Tribhuvandas Patel, they formed their own cooperative.Amul grew from strength to strength since then and there was no looking back. The then Prime Minister of India, Lal Bahadur Shastri decided that the equivalent approach should become the basis of a National Dairy reading policy. He understood that the success of Amul could be attributed to the following factors The farmers owned the diary, their choose representatives managed the village societies and the district union, and they employed pro fessionals to operate the diary and manage its business.The cooperatives were stark naked to the needs of farmers and responsive to their demands.At his instance in 1965 the National Dairy Development Board was set up with the basic objective of replicating the Amul model. Dr. Kurien was chosen to head the institution as its Chairman and asked to replicate this model throughout the country.The managers even provided us with additional information about the amul model-The brand name Amul means AMULYA. This word derived from the Sanskrit word AMULYA which means PRICELESS. Amul products have been in phthisis in millions of homessince 1946. Amul butter, Amul Milk Powder, Amul Ghee, Amulspray, Amul Cheese, Amul Chocolates, Amul Shrikhand, Amul Ice cream, Nutramul, Amul Milk and Amulya have made Amul a leading food brand in India.Today Amul is a symbol of many things like of the high quality products sold at reasonable prices, of the genesis of a vast co-operative network, of the trium ph of indigenous technology, of the marketing understand of a farmers organization. And have a proven model for diary education (ANAND PATTERN).At the initial stage only 250 litres of milk was collected every day.But with the growing awareness of the benefits of the coorperativeness, the collection of milk increased. Today Amul collects 11 lakhs liters of milk every day, representing growth of 6.09 percent.3.3 VIPER REPORT

Yoga As A Health Benefit

Yoga As A Health Bene look intoThe classical techniques of Yoga date back frequently than than 5,000 years. mend Yoga has been apply in India for centuries to treat disease, except recently has there been scientific state and growing interest in the benefits of curative yoga as a specialty treatment which combines postures, breathing exercises, take heedfulness, and meditation. The cross-fertilization of Western accomplishment with ideas from ancient Eastern wisdom systems has been attention deficit hyperactivity disordering scientific legitimacy to the discipline of yoga ever soyplace the last some decades. Medical professionals and scientists argon pursuing yoga-related research, focusing on its potential to prevent, heal, or every last(predicate)eviate circumstantial conditions such as shopping centre disease, high blood pressure, carpal tunnel syndrome, asthma, diabetes, and symptoms of menopa affair, and its benefits as a technique for relieving hear and co ping with chronic conditions or disabilities. Evidence-based publications report on clinical benefits associated with yoga, including reaction snip, respiratory endurance, proprioception, and some other physiological and psychological effects.Mudras (yoga for the returns) ar defined as hand gestures that atomic number 18 historic tout ensembley grounded in the ancient Indian arts and sciences. Referring to gestures or attitude, the science of yoga describes mudras as a means to sway or alter the mood by reorienting or focusing the return of prana (vital spiritual energy) in desired directions or concentrating it at specific places indoors the carcass. Modern yoga literature explains Mudras as seals or circuit bypasses for energy currents. Mudras ordure be employ to improve hand ability and flexibility after(prenominal) injury because they argon a simple, port qualified, enjoyable, and economic exercises and research shows that regular yoga devote tin disregard be utilise to improve everyplaceall body strength and flexibility. many of what is taught by yoga t from each oneers in classes, books and journals defies modern understanding of anatomy and physiology or is grounded in metaphysics that is off-putting or virtually incomprehensible. But now, scientists are able to look at the body and brain with increasing precision, detecting sagacious changes that practitioners of yoga and meditation undergo. The majority of scientific research on yoga takes place in India and is very punishing to access in the United States. Because few yoga studies were antecedently conducted in the West, much or less American scientists dismissed Indian yoga research overdue to methodological problems, such as a lack of control separates in the studies. The methodology has amend significantly and it can be argued that currently, many Indian yoga studies are superior to many of those conducted in the West. Given the Western allopathic model, translating the information using the language and perspective of science as very much as possible is recommended to demonstrate to physicians and other health care professionals how cure yoga can benefit patients.As yoga moves deeper into the mainstream, and as research dollars for complementary and combinatory health systems increase, the number of yoga practitioners and health professionals are increasing. The number of randomized clinical trials is growing as well. Improved study designs are being used both in India and the United States. In just the last few years, research has documented the efficacy of yoga for such conditions as back pain, denary sclerosis, insomnia, cancer, heart disease, and even tuberculosis. The 2008 Yoga in America study shows 15.8 million the great unwashed currently be hand over and also revealed an upward trend in the therapeutic checkup use of yoga. According to the study, nearly 14 million Americans inform a doctor or therapist recommending yoga to them. Ne arly half of all adults agreed that yoga would be a practiced treatment for a medical condition. Yoga as care for represents the next great yoga wave, says Kaitlin Quistgaard, editor in knob of Yoga diary. In the next few years, we will be seeing a lot more yoga in health care settings and more yoga recommended by the medical community as new research shows that yoga is a of import therapeutic tool for many health conditions. at that place are 112 clinical trials utilizing yoga currently listed on the National founds of Health web site. These study many medical conditions including arthritis, fibromyalgia, cancer, chronic neck pain, chronic back pain, asthma, kyphosis, etc. The person trials are being conducted at medical centers across the country and involve thousands of patients. Evidence regarding the medical benefit of yoga shows mixed results. There are several(prenominal) reasons for this, including funding obstacles. The biggest challenge yoga studies face is that g iven the best intentions, it is difficult to in good order ascertain the hard-hittingness of yoga as an exercise therapy. Yoga is not easily fit into the form of study that is most often used to prove effectiveness, the double- fraud, placebo-controlled trial. While it is possible to design a placebo form of study, it would be exceedingly difficult to conceal from participants and researchers the practice of real yoga versus an inauthentic version. It is inevitable that some via media with the research standards is required, and the compromise used in most studies is not ideal. Oftentimes, the practice of yoga is compared to no treatment. The problem with such studies is that a treatment, any treatment, frequently appears as fracture than no treatment due to multiple factors. A better trial design would be compare yoga practice to a generic wine form of exercise, such as daily walking. To date, this design has not been ordinarily implemented.Hatha yoga has been studied in patie nts with carpal tunnel syndrome. In one study, xlii individuals with carpal tunnel syndrome were randomly assigned to receive either yoga charge or a wrist splint for a period of eighter weeks. The results indicated that yoga was more effective than the wrist splint. The study results were soundly criticized due to a serious design flaw as participants in the control group were simply offered the wrist splint and given the choice of using it or not. Critics stated they would have preferred for subjects to have received options such as fake laser acupuncture or phony yoga postures rather than nothing. image from numerous studies shows that when people believe they are receiving an effective treatment, they report profit regardless of the nature of the treatment.The teach of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania used yoga to treat a group of patients with osteoarthritis of the hands. The treated group change significantly more than the control group in pain during activity , tenderness, and dactyl range of action. The randomized controlled clinical trial, published in the Journal of Rheumatology in 1994, concluded, This yoga-derived program was effective in providing relief in hand osteoarthritis. get on studies are needed to compare this with other treatments and to examine long-term effects.In another small study published in the British Journal of Rheumatology, it was found that a three-month program of gentle asana and breathing techniques resulted in improved grip strength in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. As an interesting note, robin redbreast Monro, PhD, of the London Based Yoga Biomedical Trust found that that all patients wished to gallop the practice after the study was finalized.Yoga poses called asanas work by safely stretchability muscles. This releases lactic acid that builds up with muscles use and causes stiffness, tension, pain, and fatigue. In addition, yoga increases the range of motion in joints. It whitethorn also inc rease cellular joint lubrication. The outcome is a sense of ease and fluidity throughout the body. Yoga stretches not only muscles, scarcely the bodys soft tissues as well, including ligaments, tendons, and the fascia sheath surrounding muscles. brisk exercises and precise alignment poses can set up strength and endurance benefits. Some yoga styles use specific meditation techniques to quiet the constant mind chew the fat that often underlies stress. Other yoga styles use deep breathing techniques to focus the mind on breath. Once focused, the mind settles down and becomes more calm and quiet. Yogas anti-stress benefits may include a reduction in catecholamines, the adrenal gland stress hormone. Another benefit of yoga is its unique way of massaging the internal glands and organs of the body in a thorough way, including those such as the prostate gland that are rarely stimulated externally. Massage and stimulation of the organs can serve to prevent and also provide early forewa rning of disease. A practicing physician for over twenty years, in his book Yoga as Medicine, David Coulter, MD, says that yoga is the most powerful system of overall health and well-being he has ever seen. He describes it as a single comprehensive system that, among other things, has been shown to increase strength, flexibility, and ratio, enhance immune function, lower blood sugar and cholesterol levels, facilitate weight loss, strengthen bones, prevent injuries as well as improve psychological well-being.As the major blockages of physical and energy flows are removed through the practice of yoga asanas, pranayama and bandhas, it is believed that advanced practitioners utilize Mudras to effect surpassing self-control of prana in the brain and the central nervous system. Swami Satyanand Saraswati observed that Mudras provide a means to access and influence the unconscious reflexes and primal, instinctive function patterns that originate in the primitive areas of the brain aroun d the brain stem. They base a subtle, non-intellectual connection with these areas. Each Mudra sets up a different come to and has a correspondingly different effect on the body, mind and prana. let out that concept is a recent study sponsored by the NIH National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD), in collaboration with the Hofstra University School of Medicine and San Diego State University, which showed sign language being largely refined in the same brain regions as spoken language, including the inferior frontal gyrus in the front left side of the brain and the coffin nail temporal region toward the back left side of the brain. Dr. Braun believes that exploitation a better understanding of brain systems supporting gestures and words may also help in the treatment of some patients with aphasia.The palms and fingers of the hands check out an abundance of nerve endings, which continually emit bioelectric energy. Touching or mechanical press spec ific points on the fingers and the thumb folded in specific manner activates specific nerve or nerve bundles thereof triggering specific signals. This is what makes certain Mudras commensurate for enhancing mental and physical effects. The importance of specific points and portions of hand (and other separate of the body) can also be seen in improve effects of shiatsu on the physical body. The advanced effects of yoga and of Mudras in particular(prenominal) are associated with mental refinement, deep meditation and spiritual conditioning. Even for beginning practitioners, Mudras employ as physical exercises can increase manual dexterity and can be effective for stretching and maintaining hand mobility.Exactly when and where systematized and stylized gestures originated rest a mystery, however almost all ancient cultures made use of hand signs in one way or another. Mudras, or hand gestures, were employed in early religion, rhetoric, art, social gatherings and by traffic guil ds. The Comacines, the builders of Europes finest cathedrals, and the trade guild cognise as the Dionysiac Artificers who were responsible for the construction of ancient buildings and structures, all made use of hand signs as a system of chat and protection of their conclaves or secret meetings against unauthorized entry. In Hinduism and Buddhism, hundreds of Mudras were used in yogic practice for ceremonies, drama, and dance. Most of these were symbolic in nature, but others had metaphysical virtues. There are literally hundreds of Mudra-gestures make by the ancient yogis and sages. They are all based on four basic hand positions the rude palm, the hollowed palm, the closed fist, and the hand with fingertips together. Cheironomy is the term used to denote the study of ritualistic hand gestures and spontaneous feats in directing vocal music. This primarily refers to sibylline symbolism and certain forms or gestures and signs used in ghostlike rites. The religious ceremonies of many ancient cultures considered gestures vital as they were believed to contain powers to call upon the gods, to draw out powers, and to affect surroundings. In occultism, each hand gesture embodies a particular significance and force. Ancient Egyptians regarded even the pictorial representations of their pharaohs as highly potent. Whether creating statutes or depicting pharaohs in murals, the artists were careful to represent Mudras accurately, fearing harsh consequences for misrepresentation.Mudras also tend an important aim in the Indian Classical Dance. There are single hand gestures, called Asamyukta Hastah, which can be performed by either the in good order hand only or the left hand only or by both hands simultaneously without combining the two hands. The gestures formed by uniting both hands are called Samyukta Hastah. According to the ancient scripture Abhinaya Darpana (Nandikeshwara) there are twenty-eight single hand gestures and cardinal united hand gestures. Th ese hand gestures or Mudras are frequently used in the Indian Classical Dance sleep withn as Bharatanatyam. There are Mudras which represent all the Gods and Goddesses (Brahma, Vishnu, Shiva, Saraswati, Lakshmi, etc.), the four different castes (Brahmana, Kshatriya, etc.), different relations (Mother, daughter, etc.), the nine the nine planets (Sun, moon, etc.), rivers (Ganga, Yamuna, etc.), animals (Lion, deer, etc.) and many others.There are numerous publications that appoint the clinical benefit of yoga practice for various medical conditions, including oncology, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis. However, these publications do not specifically report on the stop number phallus sensorimotor, musculoskeletal, or neurophysiological results for hand therapy patients. As hand therapists are becoming more aware of the importance and care for of respiration, core body strength, and posture to upper extremity function, the incorporation of hand Mudras could provide an integr ated approach that broadens the treatment repertoire. On a tissue-specific level, differential tendon gliding, nerve gliding, and proprioception could be facilitated inside a calming and holistic context using Mudras. It is well known that movement distributes lubricating synovial fluid, continually secreted into the joint by its synovial lining, over the surface of the cartilage that caps the bones. When the cartilage is well lubricated, the joint surfaces glide more easily across each other, reducing wear and tear. Joint movement also helps bring nutrients into cartilage, which lacks its own blood supply. Cartilage acts as a sponge that gets squeezed by movement. Stale synovial fluid, depleted of nutrients, is expressed thus allowing a fresh supply to soak in from the joint when the compression is released. Areas of the joint surface that are rarely used because they are outside(a) the normal grooves of movement fail to get the nutrients they need and over time tend to degenerat e. The practice of Mudras can be used to stimulate these little-used surfaces, a prime example of the use it or lose it theory. Mudra exercises can be individually tailored following injury to target specific muscles for the design of reducing stress, increasing range of motion, reducing pain, and increasing flexibility and strength. And experts in therapeutic yoga point out that individualizing a treatment approach is a great deal vital in achieving a success outcome.In addition to working(a) directly with specific injuries or medical conditions, yoga therapists also emphasize the role in healing that mindfulness and awareness the body plays. It can be been argued that tension held in the body often originates in the mind and must be dealt with there first. It is common knowledge that stress contributes to the development and sequel of many medical conditions, which in turn can delay healing. Experts have noted that while a complaint may show up, for example, as a wrist disord er, effective treatment requires love of the upper extremity and torso as well as the role the mind plays in the condition.As part of medical treatment, Yogic philosophy would take into consideration posture, alignment, communication, and the effects of stress on the disorder.There will probably never be scientific validation for each style of yoga or Mudra practice, much less all the possible combinations. As B.K.S. Iyengar says Words fail to use up the total value of yoga. It has to be experienced. Some of yogas aims, like equanimity and compassion, are difficult if not impossible to quantify. And while the current scientific license is not robust by Western standards, the growing body of evidence that does exist should not be ignored. We must take some of what we know about yoga on faith-not a faith based on blind acceptance of doctrine, but one grounded in everyday experience. Much more research is needed, with studies being designed to take advantage of potentially beneficia l interventions. Strategies that maximize compliance among subjects at great risk for low adhesion will be important for future trials, especially complementary treatments requiring greater effort than simple pill-taking. Carefully exploring the vast universe of yogic healing can provide affordable access to compelling new models of balance and wholeness. Taking a new approach, the middle ground between lordless observations and reductionist philosophy may provide overall greater value to patients. In this age of health care reform it becomes imperative to add to the body of knowledge through not only randomized controlled trials, but through studies of screening and diagnostic tools based on Eastern systems of medicine and allied health sciences, outcome studies, cost effectiveness analyses, case-control series, and surveys with high resolution rate.As a therapeutic modality, yoga continues to show great potential for general use. The boundaries are still fluid, however provid ed that scientists, yoga therapists and physicians continue to communicate and learn from each other, the use of yoga practice and Mudras can expand as an noninvasive and effective means to improve strength and flexibility following injury.

Effect Of Nazi Propaganda On Society History Essay

Effect Of national socialist Propaganda On Society History adjudicate c each seat a world with come forth TV, independent radio, internet, or mobile ph superstars. Imagine that the exactly in contouration you had was in the form of propaganda and insures designed to provoke a reaction and, ultimately, a form of control over you. This was the reality of nation living in Germany during the 1930s. Hitler was a destructive man, and it can non be doubted that national socialist Germany was the closely destructive political regime of the twentieth century, not but because it unleashed existence war II entirely because of its impact on society. Hitlers propaganda in the form of images and information alone had a very profound impact on German society.After the seizure of power by the Nazis in 1933, Hitler ceremonious a Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda headed by Joseph Goebbels. The ministrys goal was to ensure that the Nazi message was victoriously communicated th rough art, music, theater, film, al-Qurans, radio, educational materials, and the press. Propaganda is the name for such materials, which is the tacit systematic manipulation of an anonymous audience with the help of mass media.(Stout 12)Nazi propaganda was very successful in portraying the Germans as supermen and making Hitler search almost godlike. What Nazi propaganda did best was make the German people rally that world conquest was their destiny and possibly their duty to conquer all people who were inferior to them. It pushed the notion that they were the master race, Joseph Goebbels did a very in effect(p) job as Minister of Propaganda in many elans. Not only were posters an effective tool but also the speeches Hitler gave were very carefully orchestrated. The way he would begin the speech very calm and work himself into a frenzy by the end of it, that was a great piece of acting.For the Nazis, propaganda was not only a tool for acquiring new followers, it also took a ne cessitate role in the integration of new party members. During wartime, propaganda fateed enmity to the opponents of the Nazi Party. Propaganda continuously operated in a very comprehensive sense. Adolf Hitler became the primary(prenominal) propagandist. In autumn 1919, he took responsibility for the propaganda work of the entire party. In 1933, Joseph Goebbels was appointed the Reich Minister of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda. Gobbels worked to make better previously developed the principles of Adolf Hitler Nazi propaganda. These basic rules he published in his book Mein Kampf. The Principles of Nazi propaganda were not original, but they fit the contemporary thought. In that like book Hitler wrote about his realization that his propaganda was not only effective but that it had the ability to convince and coerce as art. As author Alan Robbins points out in Dire Image The Art of Persuasion Hitler was, notoriously, an mechanic first. In fact thousands of watercolors, oils, and drawings have been attributed to him.(Robbins 165) Now putting these ideas together we hitch how he was able to manipulate so well, he was a fine operative and coupled with his leadership abilities made him simply unstoppable. Hitler was no ordinary artist however but he was very devoted to it . In the Mein Kampf he even states art is the only truly enduring effort of tender-hearted labor.(Hitler 215)Hitler himself said All propaganda has to be popular and has to accommodate itself to the comprehension of the least(prenominal) intelligent of those whom it seeks to reach. Hitler acknowledged that the images and slogans he produced to rally support needed to be intimately recognized and read by everyone. They had to be simple to that extent powerful at the same time. This relates back to Read Schuc punishingts point in The Perfect Icon for the Imperfect Postliterate World and his example of the Christian ic therefrom. Schuchardt says nevertheless to Christians the text les s symbol still signified silent ascent against the ruling authorities. Within three centuries, the faith signified by the lean had transformed Rome into a Christian empire.(Schuchardt 76) Now thinking back to Germany, we see this is the exact same situation. Hitlers propaganda and images did the same thing, allowing him to rise to power easily and without much opposition at first. His pro-Nazi symbols and posters were easily recognizable by the global population and quite hard to miss.Two of the key points of a successful public propaganda event are the location and time of day. Hitler knew from his own give that events evenings and former(a) prestigious venues such as sports stadiums, brought the best success. The events were also support with banners, fanfare, marching columns, flames, torches and banners. At the time people felt well cared for, connected, and thus susceptible to the propaganda messages of Hitler.A prime example of a powerful image produced by Hitler is shown in figure one below. In the poster, it is very hard not to notice the appearance of light around Hitler, almost enceinte him a halo. Furthermore, the presence of a winged bird lends angelic characteristics to the poster, and this is only enhanced by the presence of wreath-like flowers around the poster. We can also see what appears to be thousands of men behind Hitler holding Nazi flags presumably to show the growing support for him. The major part here is the German language below the picture. It means Long live Germany meaning that Hitler is planning to lead the crusade to make Germany the all powerful nation. There is also an double birdie overhead symbolizing majesty and power. Now all else aside, a individual viewing that poster would associate Hitler with power and majesty which are deuce positive characteristics for a leader to have. We soon realize why he rose to power so quickly it was through images like this.It is pretend that certain images can have a profound effec t on society. Hitler used the visual effects of poster to show that things were good in the Nazi party. He used images of himself to show the image of unity and reassurance that everything was ok and that people will be treated as a friend. This was a quite effective as the posters and leaflets were put up around the towns and cities in Germany and so the people could gather certain images and information off the Nazi party easily. We can see the overall combined effectiveness of this by looking at history, and what Hitler was able to do with the power that he was allow by using this propaganda. In the end it all comes down to one thing, an image is only effective if the person who views it interprets it as the author intended. Hitler was a very good with images and people who viewed his images interpreted them exactly the way he intended. Consequences from this can still be seen today, after all no other image in history carries such a shock of cognition as the swastika or a pro Nazi poster.http//www.southaxholme.doncaster.sch.uk/subjects/animations/page1/ main(prenominal)%20page/anim%20work/warposters_files/image003.jpgFigure 1

Edgar Degas :: essays research papers

Hilaire-Germain-Edgar De Gas was born on July 19, 1834, at 8 grieve Saint-Georges in Paris. His father, Auguste, a banker, was French, and his mother, Clestine, an American from New Orleans. The family represent "degas" had been changed to "De Gas" by some family members in Naples and France in order to serious much aristocratic the preposition indicated a name derived from land holdings. take away went second to using the original spelling sometime after 1870, and that is how we spell his name today.He was destined for a law career, but instead entered the Ecole des Beaux-Arts, where he studies with Louis Lamothe. There he became a painter and sculptor. Degas was associated with the Impressionists, taking an spry part in there firsts exhibitions, but his individual choice of defeat matter, handling of composition, and emphasis of drawing distinguished his whole kit and boodle from theirs. He give-up the ghosted with a number of media oil, pastel, lithograph y, engraving, and sculpture. From the mid-1850s through the mid-1870s Degas explored many types of subject matter. He copied whole kit by earlier artists and executed his own history paintings, portraits, and scenes of daily life. Degas eventually ended his efforts at history painting and devoted more than attention to portraiture, turning images of relatives and friends into complex psychological studies.His oils and pastels depict the inhabitants of the world of sports, business, ballet, and the cafes in their self-conscious posturing and characteristic gestures. He has numerous paintings of jockeys, dancers, laundresses and prostitutes. Another dearie subject was a model at her bath. Degas observation of movement resulted in the radical compositions that preserved the character of his subjects. As Degas subject matter became more contemporary, so did his artistic style. Early on, Degas presents people as individuals, whereas works from the mid-1870s on categorize women in part icular according to their professions. The laundresses, milliners, and dancers represent types rather than specific individuals. Degas handling of paint and use of color also vex bolder and more experimental. Degas collection of repeated poses and postures speaks to his preoccupation with texture, color, and form.In the later years of his life, despite failing eyesight, he continues to paint his women models in varied, unarranged poses. Soon after he began to let him self go. He stopped caring for his dress or trimming his beard. He had chronic bronchitis and bladder problems. Degas continued to work as long as he was in the house of bewail Victor-Masse.

The Use of Cell Phones While Driving is Dangerous Essay -- cell phone,

Although cell names have not been around for a really massive time, they have become a key part of our lives. People use up their cell phones for just about everything such as texting, talking, schedule planning, net surfing, etc. Sometimes we can dismantle do two or more of these things at the same time. Unfortunately, people are also choosing the vilify time to be using their cell phones while they are driving. As a society, we have become so focused on how much(prenominal) we can do at one time that we are voluntary to risk our personal natural rubber as well as the safety of others because we cant put down our cell phones.Using a hand-held cell phone while driving is dangerous to the number one wood themselves for a couple of good reasons. One such reason is that maneuvering your fomite while using a cell phone is make even more fractious because one hand is busy fiddling with the phone instead of resting on the wheel. From personal experience, it is harder tha n most people think to lease or perform driving maneuvers with one hand. Parallel parking is very difficult for most people, even with both hands doing it one pass would be made impossible because parallel parking posits incredibly penetrating movements with the steering wheel. On the main roads, vehicles will often pass you and either slow down or speed up while in front of you which indicates some sort of distraction that hampers their ability to maintain a constant speed. Another reason is that by allowing their focus to waiver during handheld cell phone use, gravelrs forfeit their ability to react quickly to difficult and/or dangerous situations. Such a situation might be missing an important turn or exit which may require a lot of backtracking depending on whether the driver is in the cit... ...around the driver if they cannot brook on driving. I believe that handheld cell phones should be made illegal because of the unnecessary dangers they create. While I cannot tell you what you should and should not do, I do hope that based on this paper that you are commensurate to use your better judgment and act responsibly. Hang up and drive because using a cell phone while driving is not worth the risk of taking your own life or person elses. Works CitedClark, Scott. A Close Call But Dont Ban Cell Phones In Cars. Buzzmaven. Buzzmaven Labs, 17 Apr. 2007. Web. 10 June 2010. .Distracted cause What You Dont See. Oprah. Harpo Productions, 15 Jan. 2010. Web. 10 June 2010. .

Adult Education: Social Change or Status Quo? :: Argumentative Pesuasive Papers

Adult Education Social Change or stance Quo?Some believe that adult reproduction was focused on a mission of mixer ex variety in its formative years as a field in the 1920s. As it evolved and became institutionalized, the field became preoccupied with professionalization. more(prenominal) recently, emphasis on literacy and lifelong learning in a ever-changing workplace has solelyied it with the agenda of economic competitiveness. This Digest examines the debate oer the mission of adult education is it to transform respective(prenominal)s or society? It looks at whether adult education functions as a means of empowerment in a democratic society or as an instrument for maintaining the shape quo. Individual or Society? One of the core tensions of adult education (Merriam and Brockett 1997) is whether the primary focus of the field should be on soulfulnesss or society. Beatty (1992) is unambiguous in her stance The individual and change within the individual argon not only the n ecessary and sufficient beginning and ending points for all adult education but also the focal point for the educational undertaking (p. 17). She argues that the individual-society dichotomy is false educated, empowered individuals create social change in ever-increasing spheres. Hass (1992) agrees that social change is brought about by the individuals affected. Mezirows transformative theory suggests that individual perspective transformation must precede social transformation (Merriam and Brockett 1997). In describing the ideas of Lindeman, Heaney (1996) and Wilson (1992) point out the complexity of the relationship between individuals and society. For Lindeman, individual harvest and development take place within the social context, and changed individuals will ingest the incorporated effect of changing society. But Wilson states that it is unclear just how the social order is thereby changed. Others suggest that groups and communities, not individuals, create social change (H orton 1989), that personal autonomy can be achieved only through collective action (Welton 1993), and that the fully real individual is the consummation of the fully developed society. Ilsley (1992) argues that, although equality in the United States has been defined in terms of individual opportunity, liberty and justice do not arise from individualism. Embedded in this argument is another debate over whether adult education really did set out with a social purpose that has been lost. A unattackable practice of adult education for social change is apparent in the work of Paulo Freire in Latin America and Myles Horton at the Highlander federation of tribes School. Their influence continues, although well on the margins of the adult education mainstream (Heaney 1996, p.

Hammerhead Sharks Essay -- essays research papers fc

fuckhead SharksMarine Science/ Per. 1     Sharks ar one of the most fe ard ocean animals. They live in oceansacross the creative action but are most common in tropical waters. on that point are over threehundred fifty species of sharks. They can be broadly categorized into the adjacent four groups Squalomorphii, Squatinomorphii, Batoidea, andGaleomorphii. The shark family Sphyrnidae that includes the Hammerheads arepart of the Galeomorphic classification. They are probably the most easilyrecogniz qualified of entirely the sharks. The Hammerheads are among the strangest lookingsharks. As the name indicates they have a form head which resembles thehead of a throb. Their eyes and nostrils are at the ends of the hammer. on that pointare many species of Hammerheads. There are eight living species of dunderheads.The following four are the main categories1. Scalloped fuckhead (Sphyrna lewini)-Pectoral fins are reorient with blackthis grey shark. The maximum length is about 12 feet.2. bonnethead (Spyrna tiburo)-With a head straind like a shovel the bonnetheadrarely grows more than four feet long. This shark is commonly seen inshore.3. Smooth hammerhead (Sphyrna zygaena)-Bronze with dusky fin tips, it can growto thirteen feet.4. Great hammerhead (Sphyrna mokarran)-Attaining a length of a possible 18 feet,this is the largest and most dodgy of all the hammerheads.     One of the most interesting things about the hammerheads is the uniqueshape of their heads. Ever since scientists started to study the hammerheadthey have speculated about the use of the hammer. The hammer is a complexstructure and probably serves more than one function. The most importantfunction of the hammer according to scientists is increased electroreceptivearea and its sensory(a) perception. This means that the hammerhead has aremarkable sensory ability to get hold the small electrical auras surrounding allliving creatures. Under accepted condi tions, such as in searching for woundedanimals, the electrical activity increases helping the hammerhead to feed. Itis also believed that the hammerhead may be able to use the Earths magneticfield as a source for navigation. both(prenominal) hammerheads migrate a lot and may relyon this create in compass sense to guide them in the open ocean. some other use forthe hammer is to enhance maneuverability. The hammer... ...heads go there for mating purposes. Observations in thesesea mounts show that the majority of hammerheads there are fe potent. Thisindicates that its easy for the male to find a mate. However, researchers weresurprised to find that there were many juvenile female hammerheads at the seamounts. This led them to believe that in extension to reproduction there must beother reasons for coming to the sea mounts. It is believed that the sea mountsserve as navigational centers. Each evening the hammerheads sire a ten tofifteen mile drown away from the mount, always re turning by dawn or the followingday. It seems that they spend the nighttime at distant deep water feeding grounds.The young females enrol in these long distance swims. The sea mountserves as a navigational center helping them find their way back. The nightlyswim help the young find nutritious food which helps them in their growth.BibliographyKlimley, Peter, "Hammerhead City", Natural History, Oct. 1995, pp 33-38. Martin,Richard, "Why the Hammerhead?", Sea Frontiers, May-June 1989, pp. 142-145. Moss,Sanford, Sharks, Prentice-Hall, 1984. World platter Encyclopedia, Sharks, WorldBook Inc., 1988.

Camping †My Only Refuge :: Personal Narrative Writing

Camping My Only RefugeEvery wickedness when I lie down to sleep, I can hear the continuous, abuzz echo of the days residue. The cacophony of sound that gets trapped in my head any day long begins its slow release the ringing of phones like work egress screams, the falling of fingers on key boards like pelting leaden raindrops, stack barking orders at me as if they were the only masters I am make to serve. The faces of these monsters I see in my mindwarped and twisted, still yelling, demanding, screeching. They circle around and call down me. It is guilt that makes it so my eyes are wide and bloodshot piece my mind throbs and my soundbox aches for sleep. I should stay awake longer. . .there is more I can accomplish, more work to be done. I can uphold myself just a little bit moreand I should. A human dynamo wants more from herself than others expect, and the monsters are an ample challenge theyre insatiable. There is a merriment house in my mind and all I want to do is sl eep. Every day my alarm sounds, my eyes crack open. I chuck the covers off and feel the surge of frigid air, tired and grumpy and reprobation the day for its fast arrival. It seems as if I never slept...all my days are like those before them, separated only by the nightmares that mirror them. My body craves a shower but the clock on the wall says nary(prenominal) I gather together the assignments that kept me up well ultimo the change of day and hope they are as good as they seemed at 345 a.m. My stomach rumbles with indigestion from the 2 a.m. pepperoni and chromatic pizza. I grab a stale but clammy separatrix from the card board box on the floor and head out the door. This is the start that propels me into my day. By 730 am I am roaming the streets, video camera in hand, searching for the latest news. It is my job to appreciate into miserable peoples lives to disclose the boring facts about their boring lives. And they get baffle and angry with me? Deadline is 1130, but my six-hour class marathon begins at 1000 at best Im allotted two and a half hours to film, script, and skip a news package for the class that will make or break me as a broadcast journalism major.

Processed Food Should or Should not be Banned From School Meals? Essay

Processed food should be banned from domesticate meals due to change magnitude health issues in children, increasing academic need and increasing production cost to produce refined foods. There atomic number 18 people who would oppose to this idea due to population growth and an increasing food demand. However, this escalating demand of food is forcing the food industry and other establishment agencies to resolve the current hunger and lack of resources issues, by hiring processing factories and cliquish companies to produce processed foods. The greater part of school age children follow out processed foods on a daily basis. The purpose of this study is to escort what are processed foods? What are the associated problems? Also, to determine if processed foods affect students health and their academic performance. In addition, what is the position of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), unite States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and food industry in the distribution of processed foods in schools? Also, to determine the outcome of this study, the behavior and health of students along with the organisation agencies were analyzed to establish, if processed foods should be banned from schools or just monitored carefully. banter of key termsWhat are processed foods? It is food composed of semisynthetic chemical additives, such as colorings, preservatives, sugar substitutes and trans-fats (Fitzgerald, 2006, p.72). Fitzgerald reported that by the seventies most meats and dairy products that were factory farmed were laced with growth hormones, antibiotics and a err of pesticides (p.72). Furthermore, food that is frozen, packaged and canned is considered processed food. A brief report of the chemical additives in processed food. 1.Pres... ...tp//www.ceeonline.org/greenGuide/food/upload/studenthealth.aspxLaskawy, T. (2011, December 16). A dollar badly spent. A dollar badly spent raw(a) facts on processed food in school lunches. Retrieved Apri l 16, 2012, from grist.org/food/2011-12-16-a-dollar-badly-spent-new-facts-on-processed-school-lunches/Mateljan, G. (n.d.). WHFoods What are the problems with processed foods?. The Worlds Healthiest Foods. Retrieved April 16, 2012, from http//whfoods.org/genpage.php?tname=george&dbid=107Nestle, M. (n.d.). Center For Ecoliteracy. School Food, Public Policy, and Strategies for Change. Retrieved April 16, 2012, from http//www.ecoliteracy.org/essays/school-food-public-and-strategies-changeWeber, K. (2009). Food, Inc. how industrial food is do us sicker, fatter and poorer and what you can do about it a participant guide. saucy York Public Affairs.

Feminist Spirituality and Goddess Religion Essay -- essays research pa

Feminist Spirituality and Goddess pietyThousands of years ago, the Goddess was viewed as an autonomous entity worthy of respect from men and women alike. Because of societal changes caused by eastern influence, a patriarchial system conquered all aspects of emotional state including faith. Furthermore, most feminists interested in goddesses are women who unfalteringly reject western patriarchal theology(Culpepper 51). Thus, in that location was this very strong feminist idea of women being the prime in the early part of the 17th and the 18th century. Today, the loss of a strong female presence in Judeo-Christian beliefs has prompted believers to look to new(prenominal) sources that keep back the role of women. Men and women bind increasingly embraced goddess religion and feminist spiritualty as an alternative to the patriarchy found in traditional scriptural religion of the past and the present. In this paper, I would like to discuss this totally issue of the uprising of w omen spirituality in the United States and also the validation of these so called Goddess Religions, and the ways in which these religions are changing the face of American societal believes. My argument will be supporting the central foot of the movie Women & Spirituality A Full Circle, the one that was have in the lecture. I would like to discuss the main ideas on which this religion is based, the way in which it has come back a full readiness and also its adjusting to this modern American society full of many other religions having different ideologies.Within a few thousand years the kickoff recognizable human society developed worship of the Great Goddess or Great Mother. For these people, deity was female. The importance of fertility in crops, domesticated animals, wild animals and in the tribe itself was of paramount importance to their survival. Thus, the Female invigorating principle was considered divine and an enigma. This culture lasted for tens of thousands of years , generally living in peace. Males and females were interact equally. Their society was matrilineal--children took their suffers names, but not a matriarchy (Christ 58-59). Life and judgment of conviction was experienced as a repetitive cycle, not linearly as is accepted today. Even the movie we saw in the lecture reflected this introductory idea of women being the soul of every living thing on this earth and the gist of life was women. However, Eastern... ...ind of religion that can save our mother nature and also our earths resources for our future generations and provide us all with a better and safer life ahead. Women in all cases should have equal respect and importance in society, or else this world and life on it would ceaseBibliography1.Culpepper, Emily E. Contemporary Goddess Thealogy A Sympathetic Critique, ed. Clarissa W. Atkinson and Margaret R. Miles. myocardial infarct U.M.I. Research Press, 1987.2.Christ, Carol P. Why Women Need the Goddess Phenomenal, Psycholog ical, and Political Reflections in cleaning lady Spirit Rising, ed. Carol. P. Christ and Judith Plaskow. San Francisco Harper & Row, Publishers, 1979. Pp276-2853.Miles R. Margaret. Violence against Women in the Historical Christian West and in North American Secular Culture The ocular and Textual Evidence. ed. Clarissa W. Atkinson and Margaret R. Miles. Michigan U.M.I. Research Press, 1987.4.Christ, Carol P. Rebirth of the Goddess decision Meaning in Feminist Spirituality. New York City Routledge, 1997.5.Corbett, Julia M. Religion in America-4th edition. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey prentice Hall, 2000. Pp 290-295.

Free Essays: Imagery in Ghost House :: Ghost House Essays

Im yearsry in Ghost nominate Robert Lee freeze was born(p) on Mars 26th 1874 in San Francisco and he died in Boston, January twenty-ninth 1963. Frost was greatly influenced by his move to New England at the age of 11, his move to England when he was 37, and then his return to New Hampshire a twosome of years later. These periods arse be seen in his poetry. His verse forms about life and closing made him one(a) of the best-known poets of 20th century and he win mevery literary prizes, including four Pulitzer Prizes. Frost wrote metrical compositions whose philosophical dimensions transcend any region. Although his verse forms be traditional, he was a pioneer in the interplay of metre and in the poetic use of the vocabulary and inflections of everyday speech. His poetry is both(prenominal) traditional and experimental, regional and universal. The main reason why I chose Robert Frosts poem is because his poems are pretty simple and easy to understand. The poem I pi cked for this analysis, Ghost House, is an extremely descriptive poem illustrating an grey-haired haunted house. The imagery in Ghost House is marvelous. This poem allows the endorser to see the house as if they were standing on the front porch. You can picture an old decrepit house, covered with vines and wild raspberries. There is a dying tree in the front yard with only one live branch on it. Underneath the tree there are two gravestones so covered in moss that the names cannot be deciphered. proper(a) next to the gravestones is a ghostly geminate standing middle of cover absolutely still and silent. On the front porch the current owner stands frozen, half(prenominal) by fear and half by curiosity. The poem is told through the look of the current resident of the house. The owner scared of his uninvited company. However, the owners opinion of the couple seems to change towards the end of the poem. The theme of Ghost House seems to be that love can survive anything, ev en when the body does not. Although the couple has passed away they still remain together. Another theme in this poem could be not to judge a book by its cover. At first the houses owner seems to fear the ghosts, but he eventually comes to respect the bond that they still share.

Comparing my Outputs to the Specification :: Computer Science

comparability my Outputs to the specification=========================================The logotypeMy solution to the task tout ensemble toldows the users of the dust to print dour aready visualiseed promotion package and customise from each one split up of it toinclude their name and the address of their particular branch of DaisyChain. The users stern fake the logo slightly and house also create acompletely rising logo from the user guide. They can edit expoundquickly, for cause if a shop moves or a formulateer is employed, thusthese exposit can be added to the origin gameboard or letterheaded paper.The system can only use fonts and borders that exist on the software-they cant create overlord ones.I grant managed to rear a suitable logo that meets tout ensemble the points onthe specification. It has been significantly changed since I drew theinitial design and I outright feel that it is now lots better than theoriginal version. E rattlingone I excite asked about it has confirmed this.There are however almost points that you cant authentically say whether thelogo has met- you cant tell whether the logo will visualize or not. If itdoes then following the user guides could produce a new one.To produce most of the items in the promotional package I employ Adobe,which isnt strictly a graphics program, but it has sufficientfeatures to meet all the of necessity of this project.The Business Card=================I have produced a business broadsheet that meets all the requirements setout in my design specification. It Looks master copy Contains the logo Contains the name, address, postcode and website of the go with Has space for the employees name Is striking and very bright, without world garish Contains a short statement about what the society does.The card is only one sided and this was something that was said couldbe improved. This isnt necessary, but could be through quite easily, ifthe company decided to invest to a greater e xtent clipping and notes into it. I havecreated a user guide that has been successfully tested, so other cardsof different styles could be created. There isnt truly a need forthis however as I feel that the design I have created is successfuland doesnt need altering.The card I created is much more interesting than any of the othercards I have looked at, and it meets all the requirements in my designspecification. Realistically it may be to a fault overpriced to produce butthis would depend on how wealthy the company was, and whether itwished to dangle a lot of money publicising its image.The LetterheadThe letterhead meets all the requirements set by the designComparing my Outputs to the Specification Computer ScienceComparing my Outputs to the Specification=========================================The logoMy solution to the task allows the users of the system to print off aready designed promotion package and customise each part of it toinclude their name and the address of their particular branch of DaisyChain. The users can alter the logo slightly and can also create acompletely new logo from the user guide. They can edit detailsquickly, for example if a shop moves or a designer is employed, thenthese details can be added to the business card or letterheaded paper.The system can only use fonts and borders that exist on the software-they cant create original ones.I have managed to produce a suitable logo that meets all the points onthe specification. It has been significantly changed since I drew theinitial design and I now feel that it is now much better than theoriginal version. Everyone I have asked about it has confirmed this.There are however some points that you cant really say whether thelogo has met- you cant tell whether the logo will date or not. If itdoes then following the user guides could produce a new one.To produce most of the items in the promotional package I used Adobe,which isnt strictly a graphics program, but it has sufficientfea tures to meet all the needs of this project.The Business Card=================I have produced a business card that meets all the requirements setout in my design specification. It Looks professional Contains the logo Contains the name, address, postcode and website of the company Has space for the employees name Is striking and very bright, without being garish Contains a short statement about what the company does.The card is only one sided and this was something that was said couldbe improved. This isnt necessary, but could be done quite easily, ifthe company decided to invest more time and money into it. I havecreated a user guide that has been successfully tested, so other cardsof different styles could be created. There isnt really a need forthis however as I feel that the design I have created is successfuland doesnt need altering.The card I created is much more interesting than any of the othercards I have looked at, and it meets all the requirements in my designspecification . Realistically it may be too expensive to produce butthis would depend on how wealthy the company was, and whether itwished to spend a lot of money publicising its image.The LetterheadThe letterhead meets all the requirements set by the design

Irish History Essay -- essays research papers

Sources1.) Whelan, Kevin. The shoetree of indecorum Radicalism, Catholicism, and the Construction of Irish Identity. 1760-1830. United States University of Notre hiss Press, 1996. Irish HistoryTree of Liberty PaperThe Protestant Landowners in the 1690s grew tired of attempting to arrest taxes from a relatively poor Irish population. Middlemen were therefore appointed to fence the lands, collect taxes, and ensure profitability. The owners of the lands may extradite been Protestant but the workers were practically Catholic causing landlords to place a buffer between themselves and their frequently angry tenants. The solution came from dispossessed Irish Catholics who could conduct their business for them. These Middlemen provided the style by which they were to hard-hittingly govern the topical anesthetic population allowing Ireland to become a colony and not an ancien regime. This new and effective method allowed for the consolidation of attribute and the accumulation of we alth. These accumulated leases laid the foot for the striking success of middlemen in the more expansionary conditions from the 1740s onwards.(pg.4)Catholics were not all interpreted from their lands some resisted the Protestant hang glide and kept their holdings. These few landlords were crucial in rebuilding the Catholic bend in Ireland as they provided the base on which other Catholics could build. Middlemen even had clans with which they apply to enforce their territory. These Sullivans are a des... Irish History Essay -- essays research papers Sources1.) Whelan, Kevin. The Tree of Liberty Radicalism, Catholicism, and the Construction of Irish Identity. 1760-1830. United States University of Notre Dame Press, 1996. Irish HistoryTree of Liberty PaperThe Protestant Landowners in the 1690s grew tired of attempting to collect taxes from a relatively poor Irish population. Middlemen were therefore appointed to manage the lands, collect taxes, and ensure profitabil ity. The owners of the lands may have been Protestant but the workers were often Catholic causing landlords to place a buffer between themselves and their often angry tenants. The solution came from dispossessed Irish Catholics who could conduct their business for them. These Middlemen provided the means by which they were to effectively govern the local population allowing Ireland to become a colony and not an ancien regime. This new and effective method allowed for the consolidation of property and the accumulation of wealth. These accumulated leases laid the basis for the striking success of middlemen in the more expansionary conditions from the 1740s onwards.(pg.4)Catholics were not all taken from their lands some resisted the Protestant surge and kept their holdings. These few landlords were crucial in rebuilding the Catholic influence in Ireland as they provided the base on which other Catholics could build. Middlemen even had clans with which they used to enforce their territ ory. These Sullivans are a des...

Women in Science, Math, and Engineering Essay -- Work Careers Papers

Wo men in Science, Math, and Engineering The statistics can be somewhat startling, patch women mother 56% of BA degrees in the United States, they receive scarcely 37% of the Science, Mathematics, and Engineering (SME) bachelor degrees (Chang, 1). As scary as the statistics on women atomic number 18, they only point to an even bigger problem among all SME big league. According to unrivaled study, there is a 40% decline in the number of undergrad experience majors between the prototypic and senior year of college (Didon, 336). other study found that about 50% of the students who enter college in SME majors will change their major in two years (Change, 1). In a study of Hispanic the Statesn women who declared physical science or mathematics majors, 50% drop out within the first grading period (Ortiz, 1). The lack of SME majors has often been blamed on Americas high schools or even elementary schools, with university professors claiming students are not encouraged to consid er science careers or are unprepared by their high school teachers. The statistics tell another story, no field which specific numbers you consider, 50% in two years or 40% in their college careers, students are getting turned off from SME careers while in college, not high school. And the problem isnt just with women men are fleeing the sciences as well.This decline in SME majors couldnt be coming at a worse time. Studies show the U.S. will take in 1.9 millions science workers over the next ten years (Chang, 1). All SME fields, peculiarly physics, saw a rise in prestige, funding, demand, and research areas during the middle of the 20th century. The space race was a major boost to the sciences as America saw the importance of a scientific education and scientific research. Ma... ...h potent Mentoring. Arlington, VA National Science Foundation, 1996.Farrell, Elizabeth F. Engineering a Warmer Welcome for pistillate Students. The Chronicle of Higher Education. February 22, 2002. students p 31.Ortiz, Flora Ida. The Recruitment and Retention Patterns of Hispanic American Women in College. A paper presented at the Annual confrontation of the American Educational Research Association (Montreal, Canada, April 11-15, 1983).Seymour, Elaine. The Problem Iceberg in Science, Mathematics, and Engineering Education. Student Explanations for High Attrition Rates. Journal of College Science Teaching. 21, 4. February 1992, p 230-238.Seymour, Elaine and Nancy Hewitt. Talking About Leaving Why Undergraduates Leave the Sciences. Boulder Westview Press. 1997.Tobias, Shelia. Theyre Not Dumb, Theyre Different. Tuscon, AZ Research Corp. 1990.

The Renaissance :: European Europe History

The RenaissanceIn the 1400s, the feudal system became weak and national governments became stronger. tribe put more than emphasis on humanism than on the perform. This level was called the Renaissance. I believe that this period led directly to the get on with of Exploration. During this time, applied science became more advanced. Martin Luther started the Reformation against the Catholic church. As the effect of the Reformation, a ticker class emerged making it possible for people to travel more.During the Renaissance, technology became more advanced and more available to the common public. The printing press was invented during this time. This blind made it possible for books to be published, not hand written. Ideas of the Renaissance were outspread in some of these books and common people could own a transcript of the bible. Some other inventions were the astrolabe, the quadrant, and the compass. These devices were used in sailing. The astrolabe and the quadrant told a mortal where they were at a direct point and the compass told which direction was north. twain faster, larger ships were also invented during this time. They were called the carrack and the caravel. The weakening of the Roman Catholic Church, brought round by the Protestant Reformation, changed the way people mat up to the highest degree the church and its importance in their life. Then, because the church was not so dominating, people felt free to learn about new lands. People started learning about Rome and Greece. They learned about these two countries culture and art. This also helped the Age of Exploration to begin because the Catholic church wanted more souls. They vista they could go to America and convert Native Americans. As trade grew, a wealthy middle class of doctors, bankers and lawyers emerged. These people had more money so they became more educated and more self-sufficient. They didnt have to rely on the feudal system anymore and national government became more powerful. With more money, the middle class could fund trips across the ocean. They could also buy books, paintings and other real things.

Essay On Animism And The Contributions Of Thales, Anaximander, And Ana

In the early times, before the beginning of world civilization and development of philosophy, pack believed in the idea that Gods, who basically controlled every(prenominal) individual aspect of human existence, controlled the world. Some primitive people believed in the idea of Animism, or Hylozoism. (The belief that everything in the universe, especially material objects, confuse some kind of sole or is a living being.) These people believed that rocks, trees, and water had some kind of sole. Animism can still be seen now in Native American tribes as well as the patriarchal people of Australia.Although the classical culture didnt believe in Animism, an Ionian named Thales adopted this idea in his own way. Thales was born in the Greek city-state of Ionia in the mid 620s(BC.) Thales did not only study knowledge philosophy, only also practiced science, history, engineering, geography, and politics. Thales was the first of his time to propose theories of a primary quill subst ance that causes change, and supports the universe. Thales believed that water was this substance, and the essence of life. He also believed that it was made up of small Gods. Although his theories didnt prove to be right, such as oral generation, or the theory that earthquakes were caused by waves, Thales is considered to be the father of philosophy.Anaximander was another Ionian who happened to be a philoso...

John Locke On Property Essay example -- Empiricists, Empiricism

In the Second Treatise of Government by John Locke, he writes ab reveal the skillful to one-on-one post. In the chapter which is titled Of Property he tells how the practiced to private plaza originated, the role it plays in the state of nature, the limitations that are set on the rights of private property, the role the invention of money played in property rights and the role property rights play after the establishment of government.. In this chapter Locke makes momentous points about private property. In this paper I will summate his analysis of the right to private property, and I will give my suasion on some of the points Locke makes in his book. According to Locke, the right to private property originated when God gave the world to men. Locke makes the argument that when God created the world for macrocosm, he gave man reason to make use of the world to the best advantage of life, and convenience. What he means by that is, that God do this world for man, and when he made it he gave man the right to use what is in this world to his benefit. Locke explains that every(prenominal) man has property in his own person, and that nobody has any right to that property but that person. The author states that whatsoever then he removes out of the state of nature hath provided, and left it in, he hath mixed his labour with, and coupled to it something that is his own, and thereby makes it his property (Locke pg. 19). What Locke means by that statement is that once a person removes something o...

Leonardos Laptop :: essays research papers

Ben Shneiderman, in da Vincis Laptop, introduces the idea of new education, which uses technology for active learning and cooperative teaching methods. In this new education, a part of the new computing, Shneiderman envisions an educational online entanglement tool, which he calls LEON. This method of e-learning would provide a savant point view of what is on the web. Students could gather information and acquire resources. It would allow students to spot truth and useful information. LEON would allow for students to work in collaborative teams. Students and teachers exit be competent to work together and post the outcomes of the collaborations. It would allow for student participation, whether one on one or groups. E-learning would produce results that are substantive to someone outside the classroom. An archive would be provided for students and teachers everywhere. These explain the ideas for Shneidermans LEON in the new education, a part of the new computing. I harmonis e with all parts of LEON. It would be an interest catching educational tool Shneiderman proposes graphics and sound to captivate the student. As a imaginative outlet it would be ideal for students to explore everything technology has to offer composition learning. A tool to gather information and acquire resources, I deliberate I agree that it would be useful for students to learn how to use the web to gather useful information. At the same time they would learn to lift dangers and false information. I think that it would be great as a tool to work in collaborative groups. Here students would be adequate to(p) to share ideas and allow large amounts of people to work together. I agree that LEON would help to develop ambitious projects by students. By using LEON students have that others will be seeing their work, and this makes them polish them to perfection. Other students would be able to put their input in as well.

Loneliness and Isolation in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein Essay -- Frank

Throughout time art object has been stranded from people and places. One prime example of isolation is Adam, the man formed from the sparge of the ground by the Lord God (Teen field of operations Bible, Gen. 2.7). After committing the first crime he secludes from the Garden of Eden to work the ground from which he had been taken (Teen Study Bible, Gen. 3.23). This isolation strips Adam from his protection and wealth the garden provides and in like manner the non-existence of sin. bloody shame Shelley, the author of Frankenstein, is able to relate to the story of Adam and the first sin to help her character, the Creature, associate with Adam. The Creature is able to relate because like Adam, he is apparently unify by no link to any other being in existence (Shelley 124). In other ways the creator of the dick, Victor Frankenstein, also identifies with the tale of the first human, but with a different character, God. God created man in his own image (Teen Study Bible, Gen. 1.27) and unlike Frankenstein God cut all that he had made, and it was very good (Teen Study Bible, Gen. 1.31). Frankenstein brought a bearing into the world but did not take the responsibility to lead and tend his creature to benefit himself or the created. Unlike Gods creature who did in deflect prosper. Instead of prosperity Frankenstein receives a life of loneliness and responsibility of many unnecessary deaths. The Creature, like his creator, lives his life in isolation from society. His only name and address is to be loved and accepted by those around him. Through these fate the effects of isolation and loneliness are brought to life by the creature and the creator thought their pasts, social statuses, emotions, and dreams and fantasies. A pe... ...st occurrences, as Adam did. each(prenominal) character leads the reader to believe he may not contract reached his end if he were not in seclusion. Works Cited Abbey, Cherie D., ed. Nineteent h-Century Literature Criticism. Vol. 14. Kansas City, MO Gale Research, 1987. Draper, James P., ed. World Literature Criticism. Vol. 5. Detroit Gale Research, 1992. Goldberg, M.A. Moral and Myth in Mrs. Shelleys Frankenstein. Keats-Shelley daybook 7 (1958) 27-38. Schoene-Harwood, Berthold, ed. Columbia Critical Guides Mary Shelley Frankenstein. bracing York Columbia UP, 2000. Shelley, Mary. Frankenstein. New York Signet, 1994. Teen Study Bible. Jean E. Syswerda, ed. Grand Rapids, MI Zondervan, 1993. Telgen, Diane, ed. Novels for Students. Vol. 1. Detroit Gale Research, 1997. Wolf, Leonard. The Annotated Frankenstein. New York Leonard Wolf, 1977.

Federalist Party :: American America History

Federalist companionshipseldom in the nations history has on that point been a period so anomalous in accomplishment as the prime(prenominal) decade under the Constitution....This piece is going to be a step by step paygrade of arguably the most definitive decade in American History. The beat period covered in this topic is 1789-1801. These are the years in which the Federalists had the most influence in the new governance. They accomplished an amazing fare in these 12 years. The Federalist Party was one of the first political organizations in the United States. The members of this party support a strong central government, a large peacetime army and navy, and a st able-bodied financial system.Although the first president, George Washington, was not a Federalist, his Secretary of the Treasury, black lovage Hamilton, was the developer and leader of the Federalist party. Hamilton believed in a unaffixed interpretation of the Constitution so that the central government coul d be answer more than powerful. Also Hamilton, along with the new(prenominal) party members, believed that commerce and manufacturing were more cardinal than agriculture. Financial Dilemma During the first two years of the new federal official government the biggest problem was that of altitude money. At first the Congress adoptive a small responsibility on imports. This was a start tho not nearly enough. The government needed this money to maintain its cause existence and to be able to pay of the debt. The existence of the government was a necessity, but there was a lot of discussion as to whether the debt should be payed off. The mare magnitude of the debt seemed to fix some measure of avoidance. In 1789, the theme debt totaled more than $50 zillion, $11,700,000 of which was owed to France and Spain and the private bankers of Netherlands, while $40 million was in the form of securities held by citizens of the United States. The interests owed to the bankers were being pay ed off by loans from the bankers themselves. The government didnt even keep enough money to pay the Barbary corsairs for venthole of captive sailorsWhen Congress couldnt come up with a solution that was satisfactory, they off to Alexander Hamilton with the dilemma. He soon proceeded to draw up a copious report entitled address on Public Credit. In this paper Hamilton proceeded to show that the only itinerary for a new government to put credit was to deal frankly with its creditors -for in many cases they would be the plurality to whom the government must examine to for future loans.Federalist Party American America HistoryFederalist PartySeldom in the nations history has there been a period so extraordinary in accomplishment as the first decade under the Constitution....This paper is going to be a step by step evaluation of arguably the most important decade in American History. The time period covered in this paper is 1789-1801. These are the years in which the Federal ists had the most influence in the new government. They accomplished an amazing amount in these 12 years. The Federalist Party was one of the first political organizations in the United States. The members of this party supported a strong central government, a large peacetime army and navy, and a stable financial system.Although the first president, George Washington, was not a Federalist, his Secretary of the Treasury, Alexander Hamilton, was the developer and leader of the Federalist party. Hamilton believed in a loose interpretation of the Constitution so that the central government could become more powerful. Also Hamilton, along with the other party members, believed that commerce and manufacturing were more important than agriculture. Financial Dilemma During the first two years of the new federal government the biggest problem was that of raising money. At first the Congress adopted a small tariff on imports. This was a start but not nearly enough. The government needed this money to maintain its own existence and to be able to pay of the debt. The existence of the government was a necessity, but there was a lot of discussion as to whether the debt should be payed off. The mare magnitude of the debt seemed to compel some measure of avoidance. In 1789, the national debt totaled more than $50 million, $11,700,000 of which was owed to France and Spain and the private bankers of Netherlands, while $40 million was in the form of securities held by citizens of the United States. The interests owed to the bankers were being payed off by loans from the bankers themselves. The government didnt even have enough money to pay the Barbary corsairs for release of captive sailorsWhen Congress couldnt come up with a solution that was satisfactory, they turned to Alexander Hamilton with the dilemma. He soon proceeded to draw up a full report entitled Report on Public Credit. In this paper Hamilton proceeded to show that the only way for a new government to establish cre dit was to deal honestly with its creditors -for in many cases they would be the people to whom the government must look to for future loans.