Africana studies final assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Africana studies final assignment - Essay Example Thereafter, the European powers struggled to create a sphere of influence for themselves in Africa. These European powers used various methods to acquire these colonies of which were falsehood to the Africans. They included signing of treaties between African and Europeans, which were vague and were to the advantages of Europeans. They used of force, which used military occupation, for example, Ashanti by British, use missionaries and collaboration. Economic, social and political reasons led acquisition of Africa (Shreuder 90). First, Africa came under colonization for economic reasons as an option for abolition of slave trade. Europe had to have an alternative trade commodity from Africa. Africa was rich in minerals, fertile lands for agriculture and cheap labor. Agrarian revolution and industrialization of the mid-19th century caused European power to rethink about Africa. They needed to increase sources of raw materials for their growing industries. Africa was a rich source of raw materials including iron ore, copper, palm oil, rubber and cotton. Furthermore, these European powers wanted extended markets for their manufactured goods. As consequence, they needed to expand their market in Africa. In addition to this, they wanted to have a share in African trade in gold, ivory and slaves. Some of the European powers established settlements and started cash crop farming and livestock keeping, for example, the Dutch settled in Kenyan highlands. Other than the coast, they began to establish trade contacts wit h long distance traders from the interior where they exchanged items of trade. For these reasons, each European power wanted to secure or safeguard their commercial motivations by exercising political control the over sources of raw material and markets (Okoth 44). Europeans invaded Africa for humanitarian reasons. Other than spreading Christianity, missionaries came to Africa to establish schools as means to civilize Africans and to provide health or medical

Sub †pop culture Essay Example for Free

Sub – pop culture Essay Music videos have definitely made a big influence on our culture today. Most people see music videos not only as videos with their favorite icons on it but they also see the videos as a way to impart messages. These messages produce great effects especially to the youth who watch these videos on a constant basis. Sadly, we do not have control over what we can see on the television. One of negative images that music videos have portrayed is about African American women. They are perceived to be promiscuous and are seen as sex tools. Because the images are widely known, they are extended to all African American women (West and Stevenson, 2003, p. 98). This is not fair because Black women, or any other women, should not be seen and judged this way. This kind of image does not help in promoting respect for women. In contrast, the music videos send out the message the women, African American in particular, are â€Å"easy. † It is very downgrading to all women and should be stopped. People, especially young adults, watching these videos will not have a problem accepting this kind of message and can make them believe that it is a legitimate behavior (Battle, Bennett, Lemelle, 2006, p. 117). Because hip hop music is the most common kind of genre showing this kind of appalling image of African American women, it then makes sense that it is easier to disrespect all African American people (Brummett, 2006, p. 253). Although music videos are entertaining and informative in nature, people should be more careful in what they want to display especially with regard to women. It is not only offensive but it also promotes violence and inequality to women all over the world. References Battle, J. J. , Bennett, M. , Lemelle, A. J. (2006). Free at Last? : Black America in the Twenty-First Century. New Jersey: Transaction Publishers. Brummett, B. (2006). Rhetoric in Popular Culture. California: Sage Publications, Inc. West, Carolyn M. Stevenson, T. (2003). Violence in the Lives of Black Women: Battered, Black, and Blue. New York: Haworth Press.

The Whale Rider Essay -- Witi Ihimaera essays research papers

This book really grabbed me right from the beginning of the story. The story begins with the birth of fraternal twins, with the grandfather patiently awaiting the birth of the son. Right away I felt sadness when the mother and one of the twins die. The boy dies and the girl survives. The grandpa seems to not care about the girl who survived . He was longing for his grandson because he is from the Maori tribe and the tribe is waiting for the sign of a new chief to be born . The chief would lead the village and its community to greatness. Many elders have been born but none with the strength to be the next chief. The little girl was named Pai. The grandma of Pai took her home to raise her along with the grandfather. The grandfather showed right away that women or girls where less than a man. He longed for a new chief . This was grandpas goal in life right now. He could see that their tribe was going down hill .He had hoped one of his son’s would become the chief but neither one did. So grandpa was set on his grandson becoming the next chief  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  .It was no secret that he blamed Pia for the death of his grandson. He felt by her birth she gave a curse to the tribe. He couldn’t see any truth or purpose in her having life over the grandson. He showed resentment toward her. As time went on , Pia seemed to be this stubborn, curious, and smart little tomboy . The grandfather didn’t like that pia was a tomboy . He wanted her to stay away from a...

Research Methods Matrix

Associate Level Material Appendix B Research Methods Matrix A psychologist is planning to conduct a study that would examine pathological liars and the quality of their romantic relationships. You have been asked to provide the psychologist with a recommendation for which research method should be used to gather data on the pathological liars and their spouses. Using the table below list each research method and its advantages and disadvantages for use in this study. Research Method |Advantages |Disadvantages | |Naturalistic Observation |This method gives good information that is |The person observing could change the | | |more so accurate than reports done |behavior of the participant, and observer | | |afterwards.The behaviors of the |could also have a biased view depending | | |participants are more natural because they |upon what the expectations were coming in | | |are in their natural environment. |to research. | |Case Studies |Good for forming hypotheses, and gives a |This was can be expensive as well as time | | |large amount of useful, descriptive |consuming.Again, the biased observed is | | |information. |an issue. | |Surveys |A cheap way to quickly gather a large |If a question is worded poorly on the | | |quantity of data. |survey, it can yield the type of answers | | | |that the observers do not want. They can | | |also be untruthful answers. | |Correlational Research |This method can allow researchers to be able |Cannot come to conclusions in regards to | | |to predict behaviors. Relationships can be |cause-and-effect relationships. | | |clear to researchers like they are not in | | | |other methods. | |Experimental Research |Gives the researchers the opportunities to |Being in the lab may make the participants| | |draw conclusions to the cause-and-effect |act in a certain manner. Unexpected or | | |relationships. |uncontrolled variables may produce results| | | |that cannot be controlled or manipulated. | | | | Make your recommendation to the ps ychologist and explain the rationale behind your choice. Your response should be 100-200 words. After going over the information that I had over the five different types of research methods, I have come to the conclusion that correlational research should be the method used for your study of pathological liars.This is the one method that can look very well at the connection between two or more variables. This could be a very useful advantage to have in this study. Of course, you could use any of the five methods, but I would definitely stay away from the survey option, because of the obvious reasons of the question of the ability to answer questions honestly.The experimental research may not be the best choice, because the laboratory setting has had a history of affecting the behavior of the subject. Case studies are effective, but are very time consuming and use a large portion of funding on your part. Naturalistic observation would not be a bad choice either, because of the abilit y to observe the subjects in their natural environment. However, the presence of the observer could alter the behaviors, yet again.

Dr. Spock

When Babies are put on their stomach to sleep, the babies sleep soundly and get startled less. So for parents that haven't gotten sleep for days they tend to choose to put babies in this position because, finally they get to get some sleep. Parents do this of course taking precaution, buy not smoking keeping baby close by while sleeping and by breastfeeding. The American Academy of Pediatrics PAP recommends that babies should only be put on their stomachs during what they call â€Å"tummy time† while the child is up, alert and playing.The PAP also recommends to reduce the risk of KIDS parents should â€Å"Use a firm mattress (avoid soft bedding) Not letting your baby sleep in your bed. Breastfeeding your baby, if possible. Protecting your infant from exposure to cigarette, cigar, or pipe smoke. Running a fan in your baby's room at night to improve air circulation† (â€Å"Sleep†). The PAP only recommends baby to be put on their stomach only if the pediatrician rec ommends it or if â€Å"Infants with complications of severe spitting up (reflux)† (Children).The other disadvantage to putting baby to sleep on its back is that they can develop â€Å"philologically' a flattened head. DRP. Spook didn't recommend it, he said that it was â€Å"more comfortable with colic babies the pressure on the abdomen relieves the gas main, and if they vomit they're less likely to choke on their vomits† (Spook and Rottener 210). He also opposed it, because â€Å"babies tend to keep the head turned toward the same side, this may flatten that side of the head, this can be helped by putting the baby's head where the feet were the first time each time you put them to bed† (Spook and Rottener 211).An associate professor of neurosurgery and pediatrics in the New York University Medical Center DRP. Jeffrey H. Wisdom, said â€Å"that since the ‘Back to Sleep' campaign began, the head condition had become an epidemic. † Wisdom said  "now we see up to a dozen kids a week with asymmetric heads. â€Å"(Breaker). The Back to Sleep campaign which is driven by the PAP has been advocating to put children to sleep since 1992. DRP.Wisdom stated that â€Å"the PAP should do a better Job of telling parents to turn infants 180 degrees in their cribs occasionally and to place them on their stomachs while they are awake, called tummy time†(Breaker). Studies that have been conducted at the Boston Children's Hospital report, â€Å"that over the past two decades that infants who die suddenly, and without explanation whose death has been attributed to KIDS- have differences in brainstem chemistry that set them apart from infants dying of other causes† (â€Å"Brainstem†).They are stating that when these sleeping babies come upon danger, they are not able to wake themselves up to remove themselves from danger. Researchers say that â€Å"these abnormalities impair brainstem circuits that help control breathin g, heart rate, blood pressure and temperature control during sleep, this preventing sleeping babies from rousing when they reprobate too much carbon dioxide due to poor ventilation or become over heated due to over bundling† â€Å"Brainstem†).So with new information found on KIDS, researchers continue to advise parents to take necessary precautions, like not using soft-bedding, using a pacifier, good air ventilation and continue to put babies to sleep on their backs. Also in some circumstances there are still good reasons for putting babies to sleep on tummy due to reflux. The Interiors school approach has been acclaimed as the most developmentally appropriate model currently available. Maria Interiors first woman physician in Italy, began this scientific education for young children with developmental capabilities, she went on to use this for normal children. Experimenting over a period of years, she developed a large series of objects which required gradually increasi ng amounts of skill and maturity to manipulate, after a child mastered one skill, she was given the object that required the next greater amount of skill†(Spook and Rottener 516). There has been questions about the performance of Interiors students when they move on to conventional academic settings. Because there are not many Interiors schools that offer kindergarten to twelfth grade many students have to transfer to public school.This is where the issue begins some students have a hard time adjusting to the new learning environment where some excel and do well. Research done in Milwaukee where they â€Å"tracked 400 students where half the students received public school and the other Interiors before they transitioned to public schools system say that , Students who attended a Interiors school Preschool – Grade 5 and got Interiors education not only outperformed the other students in math and science test scores, but graduated with higher Gaps† (â€Å"Transit ioning†).The negative side of this is that when students enter public school â€Å"they may be behind or ahead of their new peers in certain subjects because of the self-guided study they did. Concepts will be taught differently, student will need to adapt to more traditional teaching methods†(â€Å"Transitioning†). On the other hand Interiors students enjoy social, emotional and academic benefits from their education, making them reliable. â€Å"Remember this is a child who has learned how to learn, where to find information on their own if they need it.They are accustomed to research and tackling new subjects† (â€Å"Quarter†). Many researchers along with parents believe that Interiors as a huge impact on children long after the child has left a Interiors school. Interiors schools differ from traditional school in several ways, â€Å"children are grouped in multi-age class room from three to six, six to nine, nine to twelve, twelve to fifteen, an d fifteen to eighteen† (Task). The age mix allows older students to be leaders, mentors and help teach lessons, younger kids get to experience working with older classmates.At the same time young students working next to older students get to see what they will be working on in the near future. The teachers work with dent's one on one or in small groups. They fuel the fire in the child's interest, â€Å"one teacher noted the children's hunger for words, and they wrote as many as they knew, and came to me for more, having exhausted their simple vocabulary' (Task). Interiors allows children to grow in their natural development guiding them as they grow into bigger lessons.After transferring to a traditional school is where the issue begins, â€Å"the goals and objectives follow the school's vision. â€Å"(Task) In traditional classrooms teachers have an assigned group of students and instruct students from assigned text books. Assessments, test, worksheets are given to studen ts to memorize and there is never a true learning experience. The traditional school has their own vision for learning, going along with the states standardized testing. Leaving the children no time for their own developmental learning to grow, leaving children behind and lost in the learning process.Discipline is an ongoing process. It begins early in a child's life and changes as they mature, continuing as self-discipline. DRP. Spook says, † that good parents who naturally lean toward strictness should raise their children that way. Moderate triteness-in the sense of requiring good manners, prompt obedience, orderliness- is not harmful to children so long as the parents are basically kind, and so long the children are growing up happy and friendly. But strictness is harmful when parents are overbearing for a child.This kind of severity produces children who are meek and colorless or mean to others. â€Å"(Spook and Rottener 25) The Bible also states â€Å"Fathers, do not b e so hard on your children, so their spirit may not be broken† (Bible N. I. V. Colombians 3:21). Expecting reasonable behavior from children means parents need o be kind, loving, moderately strict, flexible and have consistent expectations. If parents learn early on how to be firm and consistent, children will have an easier time getting along with people.Some studies show that parents who fear disciplining, have children who suffer from being â€Å"insecure and develop anxiety and stress when there is lack of consistent guidance. Children who do not learn appropriate boundaries when they are young experience difficulty with self-control later in life† (Brown). A parent's firmness trains the child to get along reasonable with there people, so when they get out into the world no matter at what age they won't be in for a surprise when others dislike them for their selfishness and won't go through life being unpopular.Spook's advice was not so different from the advice giv en now from many professionals. Especially, learning how to take care of children was so important for new families. That the schools parents choose was important for their children's learning development. And most of all how to raise children that are well-disciplined so that they will be self-controlled adults with good relationship skills.

How Denouement Is Used in a Narrative

How Denouement Is Used in a Narrative In a narrative (within an essay, short story, novel, play, or film), the denouement is the event or events following the climax; the resolution or clarification of the plot. A story that ends without a denouement is called an open narrative. Etymology From the Old French, unknotting Examples and Observations One might have thought that in choosing Jack and the Beanstalk, [Berwick] Kaler was returning to traditional narrative. Yet having found a plot, he contrives to lose it again pretty quickly. Though there is a character named Jack, and a fast-growing vegetable so rampant it threatens to crush the auditorium, any giants who came to the auditions with their fi-fi-fo-fum routines honed will have been turned away disappointed. Instead, the denouement involves David Leonards dastardly villain being crushed by an enormous chicken while a chorus of nuns swings from some bell ropes and an invading horde of puzzled green Martians looks on.(Alfred Hickling, Jack and the BeanstalkReview. The Guardian, Dec. 13, 2010)Every tragedy is in part Complication and in part Denouement; the incidents before the opening scene, and often certain also of those within the play, forming the Complication; and the rest the Denouement. By Complication I mean all from the beginning of the story to the point just be fore the change in the heros fortunes; by Denouement, all from the beginning of the change to the end.(Aristotle, Poetics, translated by Ingram Bywater) Denouement means wrapping up of loose ends, and it includes a demonstration of how the hero or heroine has changed. In the story pattern for nonfiction, the corresponding device is the summary. The plans made or actions taken reveal what he or she has learned from the experience.(Elizabeth Lyon, A Writers Guide to Nonfiction. Perigee, 2003)Toy Story 3 is wondrously generous and inventive. It is also, by the time it reaches a quiet denouement that balances its noisy beginning, moving in the way that parts of Up were. That is, this filmthis whole three-part, 15-year epicabout the adventures of a bunch of silly plastic junk turns out also to be a long, melancholy meditation on loss, impermanence, and that noble, stubborn, foolish thing called love.(A.O. Scott, Voyage to the Bottom of the Day Care Center. The New York Times, June 13, 2010)Imagine the feeling you would have had if Saving Private Ryan had ended and the credits rolled immediately after Captain Millers hand stopped shaking, indicating that he had drawn his last breath. Bad enough that Tom Hanks has died on screen. But now were expected to walk outside and get in our cars and head home?Despite the obvious implication, movies dont end with the outcome of the final battle. Sure, the outcome answers the question(s) raised by the writer at the end of the first act. In that sense, there is a conclusion. But we crave more as moviegoers, dont we? Were not ready just yet to let go of the story or its characters, are we?Why is why every great ending needs a denouement. . . .[T]he denouement is the main characters and/or the rest of the worlds reaction to the outcome of the final battle.(Drew Yanno, The Third Act: Writing a Great Ending to Your Screenplay. Continuum, 2006) Pronunciation: dah-new-MAHN

The trojan women essays

The trojan women essays On November 21, 2004, I attended the Art production of The Trojan Women. The performance was one unlike any other I had ever seen in my lifetime. The play emphasizes the women and children in modern war and how innocent people were actually in more danger than a soldier. More in depth, it focuses on a former queen by the name of Hecuba. After her town was invaded and her husband was killed, she was left with a completely new life; serving as a slave. Her importance stems from her son, Paris, whom Helen was having an affair with. Helens husband Menelaus furies from this, especially when his wife Helen leaves Sparta to be with Paris. As a result, Menelaus orders his people to invade the Trojans and make them (including Hecuba) all slaves. Adapted by Jean-Paul Sartre, the complex play shows the horrible effects of war and how it ruins lives of millions of innocent people. The set was something that really helped me grasp the effects of the war in The Trojan Women. The Scenic Designer, Melissa Turner, did an excellent job making the floor of the set look like a war had been fought on it before. Bits and pieces of random things were scattered among the stage, looking like leftovers from peoples houses and lives. There were parts of a construction site, a bike, a doll, a crate, and a shoe lying around. The costumes were another thing that allowed me to seize the horrifying consequences of the war. The Wardrobe Coordinator, Amrita Ramanan, did an outstanding job with her designs. All the women and children were bare foot, making it look realistic that they were living in a life of poverty. The dresses and outfits in which the women and children wore were all torn rags that didnt match or flatter any of them. The characters hairs were all messy and they all had a very plain look to them. I found that the set and the costumes really did a lot for my understanding of the play. Especiall ...

On Rhetoric, or the Art of Eloquence, by Francis Bacon

On Rhetoric, or the Art of Eloquence, by Francis Bacon Father of the scientific method and the first major English essayist, Francis Bacon published Of the Proficience and Advancement of Learning, Divine and Human in 1605. This philosophical treatise, intended as an introduction to an encyclopedic study that was never completed, is divided into two parts: the first part broadly considers the excellency of learning and knowledge; the second focuses on the particular acts and works . . . which have been embraced and undertaken for the advancement of learning. Chapter 18 of the second part of The Advancement of Learning offers a defense of rhetoric, whose duty and office, he says, is to apply reason to imagination for the better moving of the will. According to Thomas H. Conley, Bacons notion of rhetoric seems novel, but what Bacon has to say about rhetoric . . . is not as novel as it has sometimes been represented, however interesting it might be otherwise (Rhetoric in the European Tradition, 1990). On Rhetoric, or the Art of Eloquence* from The Advancement of Learning by Francis Bacon 1 Now we descend to that part which concerneth the illustration of tradition, comprehended in that science which we call rhetoric, or art of eloquence; a science excellent, and excellently well laboured. For although in true value it is inferior to wisdom, as it is said by God to Moses, when he disabled himself for want of this faculty, Aaron shall be thy speaker, and thou shalt be to him as God; yet with people it is the more mighty: for so Salomon saith, Sapiens corde appellabitur prudens, sed dulcis eloquio major a reperiet1; signifying that profoundness of wisdom will help a man to a name or admiration, but that it is eloquence that prevaileth in an active life. And as to the labouring of it, the emulation of Aristotle with the rhetoricians of his time, and the experience of Cicero, hath made them in their works of rhetorics exceed themselves. Again, the excellency of examples of eloquence in the orations of Demosthenes and Cicero, added to the perfection of the precepts of eloqu ence, hath doubled the progression in this art; and therefore the deficiences which I shall note will rather be in some collections, which may as handmaids attend the art, than in the rules or use of the art itself. 2 Notwithstanding, to stir the earth a little about the roots of this science, as we have done of the rest; the duty and office of rhetoric is to apply reason to imagination for the better moving of the will. For we see reason is disturbed in the administration thereof by three means; by illaqueation2 or sophism, which pertains to logic; by imagination or impression, which pertains to rhetoric; and by passion or affection, which pertains to morality. And as in negotiation with others, men are wrought by cunning, by importunity, and by vehemency; so in this negotiation within ourselves, men are undermined by inconsequences, solicited and importuned by impressions or observations, and transported by passions. Neither is the nature of man so unfortunately built, as that those powers and arts should have force to disturb reason, and not to establish and advance it. For the end of logic is to teach a form of argument to secure reason, and not to entrap it. The end of morality is to procur e the affections to obey reason, and not to invade it. The end of rhetoric is to fill the imagination to second reason, and not to oppress it: for these abuses of arts come in but ex obliquo3, for caution. 3 And therefore it was great injustice in Plato, though springing out of a just hatred to the rhetoricians of his time, to esteem of rhetoric but as a voluptuary art, resembling it to cookery, that did mar wholesome meats, and help unwholesome by variety of sauces to the pleasure of the taste. For we see that speech is much more conversant in adorning that which is good, than in colouring that which is evil; for there is no man but speaketh more honestly than he can do or think: and it was excellently noted by Thucydides in Cleon, that because he used to hold on the bad side in causes of estate, therefore he was ever inveighing against eloquence and good speech; knowing that no man can speak fair of courses sordid and base. And therefore as Plato said elegantly, That virtue, if she could be seen, would move great love and affection; so seeing that she cannot be showed to the sense by corporal shape, the next degree is to show her to the imagination in lively representation: for to sh ow her to reason only in subtlety of argument was a thing ever derided in Chrysippus4 and many of the Stoics, who thought to thrust virtue upon men by sharp disputations and conclusions, which have no sympathy with the will of man. 4 Again, if the affections in themselves were pliant and obedient to reason, it were true there should be no great use of persuasions and insinuations to the will, more than of naked proposition and proofs; but in regard of the continual mutinies and seditions of the affections, Video meliora, proboque,Deteriora sequor, 5 reason would become captive and servile, if eloquence of persuasions did not practice and win the imagination from the affections part, and contract a confederacy between the reason and imagination against the affections; for the affections themselves carry ever an appetite to good, as reason doth. The difference is, that the affection beholdeth merely the present; reason beholdeth the future and sum of time. And therefore the present filling the imagination more, reason is commonly vanquished; but after that force of eloquence and persuasion hath made things future and remote appear as present, then upon the revolt of the imagination reason prevaileth. 1 The wise-hearted is called discerning, but one whose speech is sweet gains wisdom (Proverbs 16:21).2 The act of catching or entangling in a snare, thus entrapping in an argument.3 indirectly4 Stoic philosopher in Greece, third century BC5 I see and approve the better things but follow the worse (Ovid, Metamorphoses, VII, 20). Concluded on page 2*This text has been taken from the 1605 edition of  The Advancement of Learning, with spelling modernized by editor William Aldis Wright (Oxford at the Clarendon Press, 1873). 5 We conclude therefore that rhetoric can be no more charged with the colouring of the worse part, than logic with sophistry, or morality with vice. For we know the doctrines of contraries are the same, though the use be opposite. It appeareth also that logic differeth from rhetoric, not only as the fist from the palm, the one close, the other at large; but much more in this, that logic handleth reason exact and in truth, and rhetoric handleth it as it is planted in popular opinions and manners. And therefore Aristotle doth wisely place rhetoric as between logic on the one side, and moral or civil knowledge on the other, as participating of both: for the proofs and demonstrations of logic are toward all men indifferent and the same; but the proofs and persuasions of rhetoric ought to differ according to the auditors: Orpheus in sylvis, inter delphinas Arion 1 Which application, in perfection of idea, ought to extend so far, that if a man should speak of the same thing to several persons, he should speak to them all respectively and several ways: though this politic part of eloquence in private speech it is easy for the greatest orators to want: whilst, by the observing their well-graced forms of speech, they leese2 the volubility of application: and therefore it shall not be amiss to recommend this to better inquiry, not being curious whether we place it here, or in that part which concerneth policy.   6 Now therefore will I descend to the deficiences, which (as I said) are but attendances: and first, I do not find the wisdom and diligence of Aristotle well pursued, who began to make a collection of the popular signs and colours of good and evil, both simple and comparative, which are as the sophisms of rhetoric (as I touched before). For example:   Sophisma.Quod laudatur, bonum: quod vituperatur, malum.Redargutio.Laudat venales qui vult extrudere merces. 3 Malum est, malum est (inquit emptor); sed cum recesserit, tum gloriabitur!4 The defects in the labour of Aristotle are three: one, that there be but a few of many; another, that their elenches5 are not annexed; and the third, that he conceived but a part of the use of them: for their use is not only in probation, but much more in impression. For many forms are equal in signification which are differing in impression; as the difference is great in the piercing of that which is sharp and that which is flat, though the strength of the percussion be the same. For there is no man but will be a little more raised by hearing it said, Your enemies will be glad of this, Hoc Ithacus velit, et magno mercentur Atridae, 6 than by hearing it said only, This is evil for you.   7 Secondly, I do resume also that which I mentioned before, touching provision or preparatory store for the furniture of speech and readiness of invention, which appeareth to be of two sorts; the one in resemblance to a shop of pieces unmade up, the other to a shop of things ready made up; both to be applied to that which is frequent and most in request. The former of these I will call antitheta, and the latter formulae.   8 Antitheta are theses argued pro et contra7; wherein men may be more large and laborious: but (in such as are able to do it) to avoid prolixity of entry, I wish the seeds of the several arguments to be cast up into some brief and acute sentences, not to be cited, but to be as skeins or bottoms of thread, to be unwinded at large when they come to be used; supplying authorities and examples by reference. Pro verbis legis.Non est interpretatio sed divinatio, quae recedit a litera:Cum receditur a litera, judex transit in legislatorem.Pro sententia legis.Ex omnibus verbis est eliciendus sensus qui interpretatur singula. 8 9 Formulae are but decent and apt passages or conveyances of speech, which may serve indifferently for differing subjects; as of preface, conclusion, digression, transition, excusation, etc. For as in buildings there is great pleasure and use in the well casting of the staircases, entries, doors, windows, and the like; so in speech, the conveyances and passages are of special ornament and effect. 1 As Orpheus in the woods, as Arion with the dolphins (Virgil, Eclogues, VIII, 56)2 lose3 Sophism: What is praised is good; what is censured, evil.Refutation: He who praises his wares wishes to sell them.4 Its no good, its no good, says the buyer. But after he goes he exults in his bargain.5 refutations6 This the Ithacan desires, and for it the sons of Atreus would pay much (Aeneid, II, 104).7 for and against8 For the letter of the law: It is not interpretation but divination to depart from the letter of the law. If the letter of the law is left behind, the judge becomes the legislator.For the spirit of the law: The meaning of each word depends on the interpretation of the whole statement.

PwC Pays for Priority; New Recruiting Tool for College Students Gives Essay

PwC Pays for Priority; New Recruiting Tool for College Students Gives Accounting Firm Top Billing - Essay Example In this paper, we are going to look at its stretch in expanding its reach as far as accounting is concerned. Its key competitors are KPMG, Ernst & Young, and Deloitte LLP. These firms are all using the same technique to expand their activities; recruiting thousand of undergraduates and graduates as well as promoting these activities through advertisements in media such as Facebook and Twitter (PwC Pays for Priority (article), 2010). PWC has chosen 60 top colleges where it will be channeling funds by sponsoring the education. The top accounting students will get recruitments in the firm as interns for undergraduates and full-time employment for graduates. The competitors have also designed their tactics, they are all competing for new graduates regardless of the current economic crisis all over the world (PwC Pays for Priority (article), 2010). The firm plans to recruit over 5,500 graduates and undergraduates from different colleges and universities in USA. This is the combination of both new employees and interns. Records how that it is an improvement compared to the previous years where it recruited 4,600 last year and 4,800 the year before the previous recruitment. Financial accounting records shows that the firm has been improving as far as its returns are concerned and this has been proven by its $26.57 billion revenue. This was a 1.5% growth from the previous years regardless of the global crisis; Western Europe is the largest company’s source of revenue followed by Caribbean and North America (PwC Pays for Priority (article), 2010). The firm has challenged its competitors in using techniques such as media in the recruiting process and Twitter. In the career pages of the firm, it has equipped it with online chats where recruiters discuss different issues with recruits. This was designed early last year, if any student is interested, he/she will just interact with the recruitment crew and if he/she

Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 9

Law - Essay Example In this paper, I briefly review some of the prohibited practices during job interviews as well as review some of the questions that are generally regarded as unacceptable. Title VII is a section of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 that protects employees or prospective employees from discrimination on the grounds of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin (EEOC, 2014). It is applicable to governmental and nongovernmental employees in equal measure. Dissimilar to labor laws that do not cover managerial employees or wage and hour laws that exclude certain cadres of employees, Title VII applies to all levels and types of employees. Further on, the act covers United States citizens employed by American employers without the borders of U.S. As pertains to non-U.S. citizens, they remain protected by the act as long as they are within the borders of the United States and not outside. Several employment practices are prohibited by Title VII and employers, unless they are careful, might find themselves unintentionally violating some of the provisions. Recruitment of new employees always elicit varied emotions among the applicant as well as the interviewing bench that may trigger acts of discrimination deliberately aimed at eliminating a certain cadre of candidates. Understandably, employers who are seeking a certain type of employees would go to any level to restructure and classify the questions in the interview with a deliberate intention of eliminating some candidates. For example, when conducting job interviews, the law prohibits setting up tests that are based on the races, national origin, or gender of the applicant. Pregnancy or someone disability should not be the reason as to why a person should be intentional denied an employment opportunity. Also, since U.S. states is a cosmopolitan society comprising of person from different nations and of different ra ces, the law prohibits the

Dental Coverage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Dental Coverage - Essay Example These advocates claim that low-income people suffer more from poor oral health than those belonging to higher socioeconomic status, which make their chances of getting hired less likely. But there are opponents to this proposed move to lower dental costs. They believe that dentists are already disadvantaged, monetarily speaking, by dental insurances that do not sufficiently reimburse for dental procedures. Further lowering dental fees will further hurt them. And, critics believe that dentists will be forced to sacrifice the quality of their services to prevent these financial losses, which, in the end, will cause disadvantages to the patients themselves. Arguments opposing the proposal to lower dental costs or making it more affordable for low-income adults place emphasis on its disadvantages to dentists and the quality of dental care. The lowered dental fees have already forced dentists to perform dental services at a monetary loss. A current research by the American Dental Associat ion discovered that some dental health maintenance organizations (HMO) do not sufficiently pay for even the low-cost preventive oral health services (Gordon, 2013). And thus, due to insufficient reimbursements, some dentists providing services to individuals holding HMO insurance usually lower the quality of their services, such as hastening procedures, in order to avoid financial drawbacks. Thereby, critics argue that in the end the people themselves will be the ones to suffer from low quality oral care services. Many dentists refuse to accept Medicaid recipients because the repayments are insufficient. The president of the Florida Dental Association, Cesar Sabates, boldly stated, â€Å"I can’t afford to do Medicaid† (White, 2012, para 18). In essence, people belonging to minority and low-income populations suffer from more dental problems, but they have lesser access to quality oral care. Arguments supporting reduced dental costs focus mainly on the issues of employa bility and productivity. The first argument supporting reduced dental fees claim that affordable oral care services

Equality, diversity and rights at workplace in Westminster City Essay

Equality, diversity and rights at workplace in Westminster City Council - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that equality and right to equal opportunities are still evident and persistent in most of the places, be it at school, workplace, or society in whole. The exploitation of equal rights is more prevalent in places with diversified culture. Gender equality and women’s rights have gained growing attention over the past decades as a result of which international labor standards and national legislation have been adopted on a wide range of related issues. According to Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development global inequality continued to grow over the 20th century and is still increasing in countries and between countries. OECD estimates that the quantum of inequality will be even larger by the year 2020 between OECD countries and poor countries. The gap inequality on global front is large, but the same gap persists within the nation on the basis of gender, class, ethnicity, age, disability, health, income, employment, etc. Witcher states that mainstreaming equality is done through incorporating equal opportunities issues into all actions, programmes, and policies from the outset. Various legislations have been enacted in the United Kingdom to eradicate the unequal treatment in the society. The first and foremost legislation, Equal Pay Act 1970, was passed to dismantle the roots of inequality in pay rates which were biased towards men as women were paid less comparatively while working in the same capacity as of their male counterpart. Later on various legislations like Sex Discrimination Act 1975, Sex Discrimination (Gender Reassignment) Regulations 1999, Gender Recognition Act 2004, Gender Equality Duty of 2007, Disability Discrimination Acts, Race regulations, employment equality (religion or belief) regulations 2003, employment equality (age) regulations 2006, were enacted and passed so as to provide equal opportunities and protect their rights to equality of vulnerable groups. The recent legislati on, Equality Act 2010 lays the cross-cutting legislative framework to protect the rights of individuals and promote equal opportunities to all and to eradicate discriminatory practices in the society. The act strengthens the previous equal rights acts of disability and employment by preventing the employers from screening the disabled applicant from the recruitment process. The Equality Act 2010 addresses all the problems regarding equal rights and equal opportunities in the society including the workplace. Westminster borough is situated towards the west of London City and home of the UK government at the Palace of Westminster also known as ‘Theatreland’ which is home to numerous landmarks. It is the official residence of Queen with Buckingham place in the boundaries. The borough is an employer of choice, promotes culture, and provides a working environment free from all forms of discrimination and inequality like bullying, harassment, and victimization. Consultation d raft on Single Equality Scheme 2010-13 prepared by Westminster City Council mentioned that it is extremely diverse city attracting new migrants and most of the residents in the council are born outside the United Kingdom. The draft further mentions that more than half of its residents are non-white British, the high proportion of residents are of working age, different religious beliefs, and nearly 15% of them have the disability.

Wireless Technology Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Wireless Technology - Assignment Example According to Gattiker (2004), this is done by designing special software’s that can detect and connect the network fields from any corner of the world. This has enabled different industries to connect with their corresponding industries from other parts of the world. For instance, the various sectors under which wireless technology has been implemented are the financial information and services, healthcare applications and services, as well as, Education and community empowerment (Gattiker, 2004). In this case, the main focus will be on the impact of wireless technology in education and financial industries. Education and financial industry have seized this opportunity and expanded access and service delivery to students and customers respectively. Over the years, advancements of wireless technology in these industries have been immense. In education sector, wireless technology covers diverse areas of learning experiences such as access to information, teacher’s organizational tools, teaching whether inside and outside the classroom, as well as, assessment applications (Gattiker, 2004). There are various strategies that have been put in place to facilitate the advancement of wireless technology in this sector. The first one is installation of free Wi-Fi networks all learning institution with the aim of encouraging their students to have with them tablets, smart phones and laptops which are Wi-Fi enabled. The second one is that governments from all over the world have also taken measures to either provide tablet computers for free or sell at subsidize cost to students. For example, in Texas and Michigan the government has established mega computer laboratories, as well as, subsidizing the cost of laptops and tablets for students. The third one is encouraging the use of net books in schools as another alternative for hardcopy books. Net books are more efficient because they can access many free websites. They are also quite flexible, such that, students in all levels can easily use them. The use of these net books helps in diversifying the learner’s educational opportunities and learning experiences (Moore & Library of Congress, 2006). The four one is the fact that more publishers and writing companies have launched e-textbooks where students are able to upload and download contents, as well as, links where they can view videos, images and tutorials. Lastly, Mobile e-learning is also another great advancement in the education sector. Software and web designers have expanded their research and have been able to come with useful applications that have pro ved effective in disseminating knowledge anywhere in the world. Currently, people are able to have classes while traveling or in another lecture room and in another country different from the lecture’s. Researchers have also been able to devise methods of learning where learners can creatively engage their minds in recalling information, enhancing understanding, synthesizing, analyzing and evaluating critically all the information accessible to them on their mobile phones, tablets and laptops. For instance, educational games available online (Gratton, 2007). The use of wireless technology in schools is taking shape very fast and still poses great potential in the future. Powered by its ability to provide information anywhere without extra cables or adaptors, wireless technology has the ability to change around tables in the education sector. Greater student improvement is designed to take shape, improve efficiency in data communications and flexibility in implementation of te chnology in the curriculum. However, these advancements have not progressed without certain challenges, drawbacks, as well as,

Management (forms of organizations) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Management (forms of organizations) - Essay Example The decisional role is a formal role to the manager, it entails the following roles: the entrepreneur role in which the manager makes decision that help an organization to adopt to changing environment, Disturbance handling role which involves a response to pressure, the negotiation role and lastly the resource allocation role which involves resource allocation decisions. According to Robert Reich (1991), he says that today workers skills are based on manipulation of data to add value to products or services; he outlined four fundamental skills which include the ability for abstract thinking and conceptualization, collaboration, systems thinking and experimentation. Managerial skills include skills that motivate workers, skills to carry out negotiations, conflict resolution skills, skills to develop relationships, information management skills, decision making skills, resource allocation skills, role playing skills and also entrepreneurial skills that encourage innovations. Other skills would include being reliable and responsible, addressing his work in an organizational way, paying attention, communication with subordinates and other people in the organization, setting realistic goals in the organization, having a supportive attitude and forming positive relationships. Are managers job universal: Organizations have changed over time from the industrial age to the current information change, during the industrialization age of early 20th century there was a clear hierarchical structure of organizations, clear career paths and stable employment patterns. It is evident that management is globally the same in all countries despite some differences, the 1990s recession led to a reduction in the number of workers and restructuring their organizational structures, in many countries due to a recession i.e.: Japan, Germany, Australia and US. This down sizing led to a reduction in salary expenditures which in turn resulted to increased organizational productivity. Other changes that have occurred in organizational structure is the mega mergers, this include the merging of two or more organization to form one organization, example Exxon and mobile oil companies, Time Warner and AOL company. This change can only occur if the two organizations are of the same type or deal in the same product. The introduction of semi permanent employment has been adopted by many organizations; according to a study by William Bridge he noted that US temporary employees were more than permanent employees in IBM or General Motors. Manager in some organizations do not work in their offices an example is the regional manager

Wireless Technology Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Wireless Technology - Assignment Example According to Gattiker (2004), this is done by designing special software’s that can detect and connect the network fields from any corner of the world. This has enabled different industries to connect with their corresponding industries from other parts of the world. For instance, the various sectors under which wireless technology has been implemented are the financial information and services, healthcare applications and services, as well as, Education and community empowerment (Gattiker, 2004). In this case, the main focus will be on the impact of wireless technology in education and financial industries. Education and financial industry have seized this opportunity and expanded access and service delivery to students and customers respectively. Over the years, advancements of wireless technology in these industries have been immense. In education sector, wireless technology covers diverse areas of learning experiences such as access to information, teacher’s organizational tools, teaching whether inside and outside the classroom, as well as, assessment applications (Gattiker, 2004). There are various strategies that have been put in place to facilitate the advancement of wireless technology in this sector. The first one is installation of free Wi-Fi networks all learning institution with the aim of encouraging their students to have with them tablets, smart phones and laptops which are Wi-Fi enabled. The second one is that governments from all over the world have also taken measures to either provide tablet computers for free or sell at subsidize cost to students. For example, in Texas and Michigan the government has established mega computer laboratories, as well as, subsidizing the cost of laptops and tablets for students. The third one is encouraging the use of net books in schools as another alternative for hardcopy books. Net books are more efficient because they can access many free websites. They are also quite flexible, such that, students in all levels can easily use them. The use of these net books helps in diversifying the learner’s educational opportunities and learning experiences (Moore & Library of Congress, 2006). The four one is the fact that more publishers and writing companies have launched e-textbooks where students are able to upload and download contents, as well as, links where they can view videos, images and tutorials. Lastly, Mobile e-learning is also another great advancement in the education sector. Software and web designers have expanded their research and have been able to come with useful applications that have pro ved effective in disseminating knowledge anywhere in the world. Currently, people are able to have classes while traveling or in another lecture room and in another country different from the lecture’s. Researchers have also been able to devise methods of learning where learners can creatively engage their minds in recalling information, enhancing understanding, synthesizing, analyzing and evaluating critically all the information accessible to them on their mobile phones, tablets and laptops. For instance, educational games available online (Gratton, 2007). The use of wireless technology in schools is taking shape very fast and still poses great potential in the future. Powered by its ability to provide information anywhere without extra cables or adaptors, wireless technology has the ability to change around tables in the education sector. Greater student improvement is designed to take shape, improve efficiency in data communications and flexibility in implementation of te chnology in the curriculum. However, these advancements have not progressed without certain challenges, drawbacks, as well as,

ALL ART A PRODUCT OF ITS TIME CULTURE'S VALUES FOUND EMBEDDED IN ART Essay

ALL ART A PRODUCT OF ITS TIME CULTURE'S VALUES FOUND EMBEDDED IN ART - Essay Example In fact, all forms of art may be viewed as products of their time and manifestations of the values of the culture to which they belong. With that said, it is only logical to conclude that the dominant mood of a period can actually be seen in any human production and an art form may be analyzed to reveal the historically defining values of a culture. Defined as "the practice of applying color to a surface" such as canvas, paper, wood, lacquer, glass, or concrete, painting is one art form worthy of analysis. The term "painting" when used in an artistic sense means the use of the craft along with composition, drawing, and other aesthetic factors so as to showcase the "expressive and conceptual intention of the practitioner." (Painting) Throughout history, painting is used as a way to represent, document, and express all the various intentions and subjects that are as many as the practitioners of the activity itself. Because of this, paintings can be representational and naturalistic as in a landscape or still life painting; abstract; photographic; loaded with symbolism, narrative content, emotion; or political in nature. (Painting) Spiritual concepts and motifs actually dominated in the history of painting--from mythological figures on pottery to biblical scenes on the interior walls and ceiling of The Sistine Chapel, as well as vivid depictions of human beings as spiritual subjects. (Painting) Oil painting, the process of painting with pigments bounded by a medium of drying oil, such as linseed oil in early modern Europe, is considered by many as a distinct painting genre "with rich and complex traditions in style and subject matter." (Painting) In fact, oil paintings throughout history can be considered as outstanding visual documentations of history, culture and lifestyle of people. And with time, as new techniques and styles have emerged, oil paintings have become more versatile and enriched, and the

Evidence Based Practice Essay Example for Free

Evidence Based Practice Essay This question reminded me about the famous and probably one of the most important inventors in the world, Thomas Edison. When he was trying to create his filament for his light bulb, it took him more than a thousand tries to do so. Likewise in a hospital, all the procedures and treatments that nurses do while on the job has been practiced and experimented on so the patient can receive first-class quality care from the nurses. Evidence-based nursing is a process founded on the collection, interpretation, and integration of valid, important, and applicable research. An example of this can be when a new technique or procedure has been discovered to help cure new diseases. After extensive amounts of research, the technique will be experimented on. They will perform the new technique on patients to see if the patients feel better, and like the procedure done to them. Evidence-based practice will help you explore the process of making solid clinical decisions that you must make in the hospital. New problems will arise daily, and with evidence-based practice, you are able to solve those problems in a systematic way. I believe that to do evidence-based practice needs to be done with a group or a team. Efficiency and accuracy is needed when doing evidence-based practice because in the end, the patients are the ones that need to be satisfied with the care that they are receiving. An example of the evidence based practice is as a chemo nurse, patients admitted for chemotherapy are offered pre-treatment assessment and physical and emotional support. Also, we provide a low-stress setting that helps patients and families to receive fully absorb the information and educate themselves about their disease and its treatments. As an effect to evidence-based nursing, we can now be more confident about the procedures that we do on our patients, because they have been thoroughly checked over.

Effect of Phototherapy on Sleep Disorders

Effect of Phototherapy on Sleep Disorders In the natural world, the light – dark cycle entrains our rhythm. Light is a very effective ‘Zeitgeber’. In the presences of environmental time cues, sleep-wake physiology, and gene expression continue to exhibit a near-24-hour circadian rhythm regulated by the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus in the Hypothalamus. Phototherapy is an accepted modality for non- pharmacological management of Circadian Disorders such as Delayed Sleep Phase Syndrome, Insomnia etc. This review discusses the physiological principle and highlights evidence based literature of phototherapy and its management in Sleep Disorders. Introduction; Living organism’s exhibit a biological periodicity, this rhythm when occurs on a 24 hour cycle is known as ‘Circadian Rhythm’. A rhythmic biological cycle that displays an endogenous entrainable oscillation of less than 24 hours in known as ultradian rhythm. and that last for more than 24 hours is known as Infradian rhythms. Circadian Rhythms generate rhythmic cycling of sleep patterns, food intake, sexual behavior, core body temperature and secretion release of hormones such as ACTH, Prolactin, Gonadotorophin and Melatonin. Circadian Rhythms are generated by the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus (SCN) of the Anterobasal Hypothalamus. Pineal gland regulates the rhythmic production and release of melatonin. The duration, phase and amplitude of melatonin and cortisol secretion, are influenced by changes in light-dark cycles. The plasma levels are low during day time and are high at night. This rhythm is maintained by the SCN and is entrained by the light-dark cycle. Low light intensities like 100 to 500 lux also have been shown to suppressed levels of melatonin. Phototherapy or light therapy utilizes light boxes which are typically LED square bright lights, ranging from 8-12 x 12-24 inches that emit 10,000 Lux (highest Lux) light, cool color temperature light acts as natural sunlight without the harmful effect of UV rays. This mode of entraining the sleep wake cycle is an accepted modality and mainstay treatment in the non-pharmacotherpeutic management of Circadian Rhythm Disorders. Principles of Phototherapy The goal of the Circadian Rhythm is to maintain a bridge between sleep patterns and the internal clock that is set at a optimally synchronized time. This results in a normal sleep-wake pattern. The Biological Model-Phase response curve The Phase Response curve is modulated by two efficacious modalities i.e. light and melatonin, both of which are exploited to entrain the circadian cycle. Bright light is very helpful in synchronizing the human rhythms and the melatonin serves as a ‘‘dark pulse’’ helping to induce night-time behaviors. Bright morning light advances circadian rhythms; bright evening light delays them. Melatonin in the evening advances circadian rhythms; melatonin in the morning delays them. Circadian Disturbances and Insulin Resistance Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is a multifactorial disorder, of which Circadian Disturbances is one of the lifestyle factors that contribute to it. Sleepdisturbances including sleep insufficiency, sleep loss, sleep fragmentation, are connected to abnormal Glucose Metabolism and thus, increase the risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Studies in rodent models suggest that disruption of Circadian Rhythms leads to impaired glucose homeostasis and beta-cell failure, culminating in increased susceptibility to Type 2DM. Disturbed Circadian Rhythm is causative factor in the recent epidemic â€Å"Obesity†. In controlled clinical studies, acute 1-3 week circadian misalignment (alone) or in combination with sleep restriction results in dysregulation of glucose homeostasis and consequent glucose intolerance attributed in part to loss of beta-cell function as well as decline in insulin sensitivity. CIRCADIAN RHYTHM PROBLEM CONTRIBUTES TO INFLAMMATORY DISEASES. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohns disease (CD), is a chronic and recurrent inflammatory disorder of the intestinal tract. Study says that sleep disturbances are one of the main reasons of pathogenesis of the patients with IBD. In addition melatonin plays a vital role in regulation of inflammation as well as immune system and antioxidant system in the intestinal disorders. (16, 17) CIRCADIAN RHYTHM and visually Impaired Bright light has been shown to suppress Melatonin secretion even in visually impaired subjects which substantiates the fact that non-visual photoreceptors in the eye mediate the Circadian Rhythm regulating effects of light CIRCADIAN RHYTHM AND IMMUNITY Sleep restriction and sleep deficit increase your vulnerability to disease. The immune system is connected to the sleep regulatory system and actions of the immune system to fight disease.Sleep is regulated partly by immune system components called cytokines. Blood counts of T-cells and levels of proinflammatory cytokines are high during the night while leukocytes and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 go up during daytime. Changes in the immune system seem associated with the onset of narcolepsy, which has a neurological cause (brain cell death) inflammatory diseases increase cytokine levels and make people feel fatigued. This is a good thing during a short-term injury or illness, as it drives the person to rest. For those with chronic inflammation, however, the immune system keeps them tired for long periods, which may explain symptoms of fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue disorder. The trouble in sleeping that people with those conditions experience is not due to just the discomforts of the illnesses, but because the sleep regulation system is affected. The different phases of sleep are responsible for different functions within our bodies. The first and second phases involve settling in, resulting in rhythmic breathing and a lowered body temperature. The third and fourth stages are when our bodies are working to restore themselves. During this time our muscles relax and the blood supply going to them increases. Our bodies use this time to repair tissue damage and grow new tissue. Important hormones are released and our energy is renewed. These stages appear to be a critical factor in maintaining a healthy immune system and any sleep disturbance that impacts them, impacts our health. It is becoming increasingly evident that disruption of daily rhythms, such as from sleep deprivation, affects the immune response. Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9), is an immune system protein that can sense bacterial and viral DNA Role of Phototherapy Cognitive Impact Light intensity has a direct impact on cognitive performance and alertness and on the subjective feeling of sleepiness. The researchers found that volunteers subjected to higher light intensity during the afternoon were more alert all the way into the early evening than those who were not. But when subjected to light intensity 10 times weaker, they showed signs of sleepiness and obtained lower scores on the memory tests. Artificial light is used to phase shift circadian rhythm and help improve performance, sleep, and well-being during shiftwork simulations , this was proved in study designed for NASA personals during t he prelaunch week. The treated subjects were self exposed to 10, 000 Lux. The treated personnel showed a positive result reporting better sleep, performance, and physical and emotional well-being than control subjects and rated the treatment as highly effective for promoting adjustment to their work schedules for the study. Nocturnal alertness, performance, and daytime sleep could be improved by light exposure of tolerable intensity and duration in a real work place. This was proved in a cross-over design study conducted on 12 night Shift nurses with three different treatment procedures: Room Light (RL) exposure in the night followed by a 1hr sunlight or 10,000 lux light next morning(08:30 to 09:30), Bright Light (BL) a 4-hour nocturnal light exposure of 4,000-6,000 lux (from 01:00 to 05:00) and Bright Light with Sunglasses (BL/S) the same nocturnal light exposure as in BL was done with light attenuation in the morning. Nocturnal alertness was measured by a visual analog scale. Daytime sleep was recorded with actigraphy. Nocturnal alertness was the highest in the BL/S. The improvement was maximized by attenuating morning light. Sun-Downing phenomenon Sundowning is a clinical phenomenon characterized by the emergence or increment of neuropsychiatric symptoms such as confusion, disorientation, anxiety, agitation, aggression, pacing, wandering, resistance to redirect screaming, yelling and so forth observed late afternoon, evening or at night and occurs among cognitively impaired, demented, or institutionalized elderly patients. In a 6-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial the effects of bright light therapy combined with melatonin on motor restless behavior in demented patients had been evaluated. This study concluded that bright light therapy (10,000 lux bright light) has a positive effect on motor restlessness in subjects with dementia. Mood disturbances Manic-Depressive Illness (MDP): MDP is recurrent illness in which episodes of Mania and Depression occur and remit spontaneously. Several clinical studies say that disturbance in the Circadian Rhythms play a crucial role in its pathophysiology. Melatonin secretion shows abnormal levels in some bipolar patients (MDP). Patients with MDP exhibit circadian sleep wake rhythm in which patients spent one complete sleepless night in between two nights of normal sleep. In a study, 143 patients with a major depressive episode in the course of bipolar disorder (DSM-IV criteria) treatment with 3 consecutive totalsleepdeprivation cycle (each composed of a period of 36 hours awake followed by recovery sleep), light therapy, and lithium rapidly decreased the depressive suicidality and prompt antidepressant response in patients with drug-resistant major depression in the course of bipolar disorder. Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is typically characterized by instability and impaired behaviour , affectivity, interpersonal relations and lifestyle. This open study assessed 13 female patients for the effectiveness of the application of bright light (10,000 lux, 6:30 to 7:30 a.m. for 6 weeks) added to SSRIs in drug-resistant depressed patients with comorbid BPD who did not show any improvement to 6-week administration of antidepressants. The participants were regularly evaluated using the CGI, HAMD and MADRS scales and the BDI and BDI self-report inventories. All the assessments proved that the application of Bright light leads to a significant improvement. SAD: Phototherapy acts through Retinal Melatonin or Rhodopsin, which regulates Dopamine release in the eye where it acts as the main neurotransmitter. The retina-SCNvpineal gland forms a link, which is disturbed in SAD. By suppressing retinal Melatonin, Phototherapy has been suggested to correct the underlying biochemical abnormality seen in SAD and thereby inducing clinical remission.In Non- Demented people, light therapy is an accepted and validated treatment for seasonal affective disorder, but has also been reported to be effective in Non –Seasonal Depression (15). Recently it has been noted that exposure of SAD patients to natural sunlight in the morning hours resulted in complete remission of depressive symptoms. In the study, N=24(12 SAD patients and 12 controls) were exposed to morning light therapy in the winter and the melatonin profiles being sensitive to light were measured before and after treatment. The SAD Patients showed a phase advance of melatonin rhythms in response to phototherapy which showed an association between phase position and phase shift in the SAD patients. This instability may be secondary to impaired serotoninergic function in the afferent pathways to the suprachiasmatic nuclei. This seems to be a significant advancement in the etiology of SAD that links light with Mood Disorders. In Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) is common when vitamin D stores are typically low. wavelengths between 280-320 nm which are Broad-spectrum light therapy that allow the skin to produce vitamin D. In a prospective, randomized controlled trial was conducted N=15 subjects with SAD (8 subjects-100,000 I.U. of vitamin D and 7 subjects–phototherapy). At the onset of treatment and after 1 month of therapy subjects different depression scale were administered. Vitamin D status improved in both groups (74% vitamin D group, p ADHD Morning bright light therapy is associated helps reduce both subjective and objective measures of core ADHD pathology, improves mood symptoms, and phase advance in circadian preference. Multiple regressions showed that the shift toward an earlier circadian preference with LT was the strongest predictor of improvement on both subjective and objective ADHD measures. In the Elderly The risk of developing depression increases with old age. The occurrence of a major depressive episode in Alzheimer’s disease is as high as 20-25%and minor depressive symptoms occur in an additional 20-30% (9, 10). In a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial, patients with early Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and Subjective Memory Complaints (SMC)(N=79, Age = between 50 75). Patients were exposed to ~10,000 lux for two years, the active condition or ~300 lux in the placebo condition, daily, for two half-hour sessions at fixed times in the morning and evening. Neuropsychological, behavioral, physiological and endocrine measures are assessed at baseline and follow-up every five to six months. The evaluation showed long-term daily bright light prevented worsening of sleep-wake rhythms and depressive symptoms in elderly people with memory complaints. Elderly experience increased difficulties with sleeping, and thus could be one of the contributing factor for mood problems.(11) Factors contributing in Aging process Aging process | | Impaired Ocular light transmission due to age related eye deficiencies | | Requires high demand of light intensities inorder to maintain a sufficient input to SCN | | Diminished SCN input | | Arrhythmia in the Sleep Wake cycle Studies report that it is possible to reactivate the SCN and improve ‘Sleep –Wake Rhythm’ by applying extra light. Light therapy provides a safe treatment option (13).It’s reported that, bright light therapy is decreasing common health issues (14). In 10 Alzheimers patients with sundowning behavior and sleep disturbances were studied for a week who received 2 hours/day of exposure to bright light between 7:00 p.m. and 9:00 p.m. The results showed that the proportion of total daily activity occurring during the nighttime decreased during the light-treatment week. The relative amplitude of the circadian locomotor activity rhythm, a measure of its stability, increased during the light-treatment week. This kind of effect mediated through a chronobiological mechanism. Artificial light is used to phase shift circadian rhythm and help improve performance, sleep, and well-being during shiftwork simulations , this was proved in study designed for NASA personals during t he prelaunch week. The treated subjects were self exposed to 10, 000 Lux. The treated personnel showed a positive result reporting better sleep, performance, and physical and emotional well-being than control subjects and rated the treatment as highly effective for promoting adjustment to their work schedules for the study. In study bright light exposure improved sleep quality in 7-18% subjects, the study consisted of 13 interventional studies with 1154 participants. Jet lag causes distress to the number of travelers impairing sleep, mood and cognitive performance. Timed exposure to bright light and melatonin administration can help to reduce symptoms. Specific recommendations using bright light and melatonin for eastward and westward travel before and after departure are provided for time zone changes of up to 6, 7–9 and 10 or more hours. Timed bright light and melatonin administration, by helping to adjust underlying circadian rhythms to the new time zone, can serve to mitigate the symptoms of jet lag. Reducingthe symptoms of jet lag by this methods can lessen the mood, cognitive and behavioral symptoms resulting from these desynchronized rhythms.(

Indochina :: History

Indochina Indochina is made up of Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam. It was colonized by the French in the late 1800's and given up in 1939. Japan tookover France’s loss after that. After Japan’s defeat in 1945, Vietnam’s patriot and communist, Ho Chi Minh and his Viet Minh declared Vietnam independent. After that, France came to claim their loss. The US supported France fearing the "Domino Theory" would take affect after in 1949 China fell to communism. In 1950, the US sent troops to South Korea to prevent the dominos from falling. The Vietnamese took fort Dien Bien Phoo in May of 1954, so then the French finally pulled out. That set up 2 nations North Vietnam and South Vietnam split at the 17th parallel. Ho Chi Minh was in the North and was a Communist Ngo Dinh Diem was in South and disliked communism. He argued that if there was an election to choose a leader of 1 unified nation, that Ho would not permit fair elections. Viet Cong Rebellion In 1956, Diem closed all elections, and appointed local officials. That gave him less of support. Also he didn’t win the support of the peasants, that was a major mistake... in the south Vietminh members who were located in South Vietnam formed their own communist party. Diem called them the Viet Cong meaning Vietnamese Communists. North Vietnam supported the rebellion in the early parts. In 1959 the Vietminh set up a supply route to South Vietnam through Laos and Cambodia. They were then named the Ho Chi Minh trail. Also in 1959, the first American advisors were killed during a battle. By 1960 the Vietcong had about 10,000 troops and were threatening to overthrow Diem. Then the US sent 15,100(WorldBook) more US advisors in from 1961 - 1963. The Buddhist’s also had a hard time with Diem, they felt he did not give enough religious freedom. The Buddhists also held the better part of Vietnam’s population. On June 21, 1963, an old Buddhist Monk Quang Duc lit himself on fire as a form of protest. Diem who was a Roman Catholic and his brother, performed massive arrests on Buddhists and raided Buddhist temples. Kennedy urged Diem to improve relationships with Diem, but he didn’t take his offering. Then a group of generals who were against Diem formed. On Nov. 1, 1963, the generals overthrew Diem and his brother, and Diem and Nhu were murdered.

Accounting Laws Memo Essay

Re: Process and Laws that apply in Puerto Rico to establish a business corporation. It is a pleasure to help and guide you through the process of regulations and steps in establishing a community pharmacy in Puerto Rico. This type of business is very regulated and includes both state and federal laws. -The first thing that must be done is to get incorporated in the Department of State in accordance with the corporations law 164 of 2009 with a company name that is not registered yet and offering a physical address into which municipality will be the headquarters. Then a business social security issued by the Department of Treasury Internal Revenue Services must be obtained. This number will identify the corporation when doing business among other business and when paying taxes to the state and municipality. See more: My Writing Process Essay -A merchant registry number (Registro de comerciante) must be obtained also by the department of treasury, here you will specify the exact mailing and physical address and what type of business will be conducted under that corporation. Additional documents are needed: Lease Contract Use Permit (Obtained in the municipality if it is autonomous, if not in OGP offices) and is granted by ARPE Fire Department endorsement (Extinguishers and emergency exits) Health department endorsement. (Requires a minimum of two bathrooms and at least one with the dimensions for handicapped persons.) Structure blueprints Explicative letter CRIM certification (Centro de Recaudaciones de Ingresos Municipales) -With a provisional patent issued when completed the above steps, then you will need to get the permits for the pharmacy licenses at the Health Department of Puerto Rico and AMSCA (Administracion de Servicios de Salud y Contra la Adiccion) and DEA (Drug Enforcement Administration) Requirements for Pharmacy permits: Regent or Ruling certified Pharmacist endorsed by the College of Pharmacist $75 biological License fee $100 Pharmacy License fee Requirements for AMSCA: Health and Pharmacy permit Lease Contract Medicine cabinet for controlled drugs Security Cameras Pharmacist Permit $200 fee Requirements for DEA permit: Fill all documents at the DEA website $500 fee – Once completed you must go to the municipality where the business is going  to be and request the final patent to operate. Under the commonwealth of Puerto Rico, accounting principles are established by FASB (Financial Accounting Standards board). It is very important to follow these standards and laws established by the government to avoid any penalties and fines. Accounts and deposits must be made under the same name of the corporation. (Act 981m) Funds, Accounting, and tests accounts must be specified and communicate how the funds should be managed. This is verified by the Controller of Puerto Rico (Act 671i) With the Commercial Registry (Registro de comerciante) a sales tax must be paid by the 10th of every month. Income tax and employee social security must be informed every three months and the contribution retained of the employees is paid every month to the department of treasury. Employee social security contribution is paid monthly to the IRS. Every three months unemployment insurance fee and incapacity is paid to the Department of Labor. Every six months insurance to the State Insurance Fund (Fondo del Seguro del Estado) must be paid. This is in accordance with Act 45, approved on April 18, 1935, known as the Compensation System for Occupational Accidents. This protects employees and covers the monthly payment to them in case of an accident in the workplace. Public responsibility insurance to protect the corporation against third party accidents is highly recommended. If you follow these steps and suggestions, I can assure you that you can get your business running and be assured that the laws are being followed. The process may take some time, but it is worth the time and money in the future. PYMES are needed in the country for the local economy to progress, and I am more than welcome to help you in the process. My ultimate advice is to get a certified CPA to work with you in the accounting functions of the business to help minimize errors and fines when is time to pay.

The Process of Growing Up

â€Å"The process of growing up is when you discover the strength within you survives all the hurt†. It was that last hot summer day of sixth grade, walking home from school as usual being so excited to finally move on and become a seventh grader. While walking home I still remember I had that feeling of joy and happiness to think wow moving up to seventh grade next school year and the enjoyment of growing up a little bit more. Seeing how it was going to be summer break. It was a normal and more than perfect day to actually go home from school without a care in the world. When walking up to my house, I saw the green Ford truck all packed up with our belongings; I thought well, â€Å"when we decided to move†? I was analyzing and questioning all the possibilities of why that truck was loaded up with things that both belonged to my mom and stepdad. As soon as I stepped in the house I knew there was something terribly wrong. I walked throughout my house seeing everything turned upside down, smashed, thrown around everywhere and destroyed all to pieces. As a sixth grade little girl I didn’t know how to react or even know what to think. All I really knew was someone obviously wasn’t happy and that same person was moving out. At this point my mom was basically the â€Å"house wife† that cooked, cleaned and did all the motherly things. While my stepdad worked and made the money. They both had their hands full with four kids and still being able to maintain their marriage and relationship. But as you can see their marriage wasn’t at all perfect, everything down fell from there. My stepdad left us with nothing; took just about everything that was in our house. The only thing we had left was our toys and rooms. Coming home and seeing my house destroyed in every way is when I knew at that point nothing is going to be the same and knowing my stepdad was moving out was not one of the best things for any of my family’s lives. Since my mom didn’t work she had to get a job in order to support four kids including a roof over our heads, food and clothing on our backs. This was the turning point of many emotions, anger, disgust and hatred but at the same time this one thing helped me grow in strength, maturity and even responsibility towards myself, making me who I am today. Devastated as I was, my mom had to work nights as a bartender meaning she was never home with me at night and me being the oldest resulted in me having to watch my brothers and sister. Emotions were running high in my family, but from then on watching my little brothers and sister was my job, didn’t really have a huge social life, I found my world spiraling. All of these effects that took place when my stepdad decided to move out really had this huge impact on my life. While trying to take care of my brother and sister, I found myself having to grow up more and more every day. The responsibilities that were involved were more than I could ever handle at that time. Working hard to help out my mom and getting through the emotions of my stepdad leaving was the most life learned experience I’ve ever had to go through. The hardest time in my life by far. As a result of that time, I can say now it really made me a better person in every way imaginable. As time went on it eventually resolved itself, making me more responsible than ever; my maturity enlarged immensely and just that experience alone makes me a grateful person now. Seeing how people can destruct something they once loved including their family really made me realize how lucky our family was without him. Although this experience was at rock bottom at the beginning it ended up working out for the better. In a way that I got a chance to realize something’s on my own and not to only depend on my parents. Just of the simple fact that I learned to have responsibilities. Which in the end really helps me now and for in my future. Having to grow up too fast was the most challenging thing in my life. My family and I survived all the heartbreak that came from my stepdad leaving but now actually being eighteen, I can say it was really worth him leaving. With that being said; â€Å"The process of growing up is when you discover the strength within you survives all the hurt†.

Master of German Opera – Richard Wagner

Richard Wagner is the master of German opera. He molded opera according to his own creative definition with revolutionary zeal (Richard Wagner Biography, Arizona Opera). Adolph Hitler and his Nazi party enjoyed many of Wagner's works; this negative publicity has caused people hate Wagner and his music. Today Wagner is accepted, but his music is still outlawed in Israel. The youngest of nine children, Wagner was born in Leipzig, Germany to a blue-collar family, on May 22, 1813. His father, Friedrich Wagner, a police clerk, died when Richard was only six months old. His mother soon remarried to an actor and playwright named Ludwig Geyer and the family moved to Dresden. Some historians believe that Geyer was Richard's actual biological father; there is evidence that shows that Wagner may have believed this too. Egocentric from childhood, Wagner loved literature. He was especially fascinated by the works of Shakespeare. With his head always in the books, he tried writing tragedies but that never came to anything. He also began piano lessons, but unlike many other well-known composers, he never became skilled on this or any other instrument. Through his teens composing attracted him. In 1829, at age sixteen, he wrote his first compositions, which were not received well by the public. Then he took six months of formal training Theodor Weinlig, cantor of the Thomasschule, in 1831. Those studies resulted in the composition of a Wagner symphony, which was well received in Leipzig and Prague. He began work on an opera, Die Hochzeit, and tossed it aside unfinished. After that he completed Die Feen, but it was not performed until five years after his death. At 20, he began keeping journals in hopes of writing an autobiography in the future. He got a job as the chorus master for the Wurzburg Theatre when he was only 20 years old. He also started to write operas. In 1836, he got married to the actress, Minna Planner, this marriage was to last only until 1862. He was very unhappy with Minna, and regretted this marriage almost as soon as it came to be. In 1837, he and his wife escaped creditors to Paris. Wagner struggled to establish himself in Paris. Most of the time they were living on the verge of starvation; he was arrested and imprisoned on a few different occasions due to his debts. Producers rejected his preliminary ketches of the operas La Rienzi and Das Liebesverbot. Wagner stopped writing all together because of the embarrassment of being rejected. Then Wagner had a new idea and started work on The Flying Dutchman, even though he was impoverished and unknown he felt victorious at its completion in 1841. La Rienzi opened in Dresden in 1842 to enormous success. A success followed the next year for The Wagner became Kapellmeister of the Dresden opera and had financial security at last. However, he continued his poor money management, accumulating impossible debts. Within the five years that followed, he had completed Tannhauser, and Lohengrin. However, Lohengrin, which he considered his greatest effort to date, was rejected by Dresden opera and, in anger, Wagner helped to start a revolution. He wrote letters to Dresden rioters who were creating a growing rebellion in the state of Saxony. In 1849, when the revolution failed, Wagner was exiled, and forced to flee to Switzerland. In Zurich, 1851, he completed his furiously anti Semitic Jewishness in Music. During his thirteen-year exile, he concentrated on writing essays, which told his theories on musical drama. He also began work on his giant creation, a cycle of four musical dramas titled Der Ring es Nibelungen (The Ring of the Nibelungs). This cycle was made up of these four dramas Das Rheingold, Die Walkure, Siegfried and Die Gotterdammerung . Der Ring des Nibelungen took 22 years to complete, and stands as one of the most remarkable and extremely influential achievements in music. During the many years of Wagner's exile, Lohengrin was presented in Weimar and was received slowly just as Tannhauser had been. However, in the decade that followed, German audiences loved both operas. In fact, at the time his exile ended in 1860, Wagner was one of the few Germans who had never seen a performance of Lohengrin. During the long period of work on The Ring of the Nibelungs, Wagner's life went through some major changes. He wrote, maybe, his most popular opera, Tristan und Isolde in 1859, and another major work, Die Meistersinger Von Nurnberg in 1867. In 1864, the King of Bavaria, Ludwig II, brought Richard to Munich to provide financial support. There Wagner fell deeply in love with a daughter of Franz Liszt, Cosima von Bulow, who was married at the time to one of Wagner's associates. Eventually they got married. They began a project that would prove Wagner's biggest legacy to future generations (Richard Wagner, classicalmus. m), the building of an opera house that was devoted to only Wagner's works. Set in the Bavarian town Bayreuth, the Festspielhaus was the location for the first complete performance of the Ring cycle, in 1876. This was probably Wagner's biggest achievement, to have his greatest work performed in his own opera house. I don't personally listen to classic music; I don't enjoy a whole lot. I did, though, like Wagner's music. I didn't think that I would but I did. My favorite song was Lohengrin because it moves from very calm and quiet to very exciting and loud throughout the whole piece. Wagner has been classified politically as an anarchist and socialist, and simultaneously, a fascist, nationalist, and anti-Semite. His name has been connected to almost all the major trends in German history of the 19th and 20th centuries (Richard Wagner, Bena. com). Some people don't like him or his music just because some of the ideas that has been associated with his name. People need to look past the controversy and just listen to his music, and until people can do this, his wonderful music will never be fully enjoyed.

Impact of Competitive and Organizational Context on Manchester Unit of Essay

Impact of Competitive and Organizational Context on Manchester Unit of Amifood - Essay Example In order to empower the low skilled employees of Amifood, it needs to generate the sense of responsibility so that they take their task seriously. It can be performed by offering employees with a few choices. The socioeconomic position and social background are the factors which can impact the choice of employees (Staw, 2006). Effective organizational context can support and strengthen the capabilities of employees by developing a supportive environment and by providing adequate resources in terms of training, higher wages and advanced equipment (Pierre & Et. Al., 2011). In the case of Amifood, it can be observed that the comparative pay of tray operatives is lower than similar jobs of other companies, which has directly created anxiety among the workers and reduced the level of performance. A reward system on the basis of performance of employees in the Manchester Unit can further promulgate effectiveness in healthy work environment. Benefits and Costs from Increase to the Real Wage s of Low Skilled Operatives The wage setting in an organization is an uncertain procedure. According to ‘Conventional Theory’, it can be said that â€Å"marginal product of labor is similar to the real wage† of employees (Millea, 2002). If employees become more useful, then organizations can react with increase of the amount of real wages. On the other hand, the ‘Efficiency Wage Theory’ says that, higher wages provide an encouragement for employees to upsurge their efficiency. The cost of turnover of employees is directly related with the wage amount. According to the observation of Campbell (1993), employees who receive comparatively higher wages are much unenthusiastic to quit the job. It can be stated that high real wages... It is evident from the study that Human Resource Management (HRM) is a vital segment in any organization which deals with managing the relationships with and among employees and controlling their performance. The practices of HRM in organization include recruitment, training, performance appraisal and reward among others. Effective HRM at work can guarantee high quality loyal employees which are beneficial for organization. It is the duty of HRM to motivate employees so that they can put their best effort towards work. Motivation of employees is significant for any organization to improve the productivity and gain competitive advantage. Among other factors the financial aspects can be used as a motivator for low skilled employees of Amifood because their pay was comparatively lower than other organizations which in turn resulted in higher absenteeism, less enthusiasm to work for extra hours and high rate of turnover. Demotivated employees can fail to deliver quality services and it c an harm the reputation of the company. Therefore, appropriate change in HR process is significant for Amifood to make them dedicated towards work and make a strong position in the international market. Several theory depicts that employees can be motivated by money, thus many companies apply higher pay to make them perform effectively. Where employees’ productivity is directly connected with the achievement of company aims, higher pay can be used as motivator.

Six Cultural Intelligence Profiles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Six Cultural Intelligence Profiles - Essay Example Such people simply feel others. After interacting with a representative of a foreign culture for several minutes they intuitively know the right pattern of behavior. However, this ability develops with time and experience and sometimes it may let you down. Certainly, intuition is a good advisor in business, yet it is necessary to use your head and body as well, basing your work on systematic learning. The ambassador style is the most widely used one. A person, following this behavioral pattern, â€Å"convincingly communicates his certainty† of belonging to a new culture even if he knows nothing of it yet. Confidence is found to be a very powerful instrument of cultural intelligence. However, this style is often based on analytical observations and systematic learning, just as it happens in the analyst profile. Besides, the authors emphasize the necessity of having the humility to know what you don’t know. It is very dangerous to avoid underestimating cultural difference s and it is important to be able to accept one’s ignorance. The mimic style is based on body control. The mimic has â€Å"insight into the significance of the cultural cues he picks up†. Mirroring foreign partners’ gestures, speech, and mimicry, the mimic makes his guest feel at ease, facilitating communication and building trust. The style has obvious advantages and to my mind should be mastered (at least to a certain degree) by all the managers. The representatives of NLP explain how this works. The NLP technologies, permitting to acquire the necessary skills, are widely used in the world of business. Finally, chameleon style is characterized by high levels of all three CQ components.

Earthquake Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Earthquake - Research Paper Example Importance of the research topic Earthquake is one of the most significant risks to the safety of structures as well as of the occupants. Every year, millions of people around the world lose their lives and property in the earthquakes. Considering the gravity of the problem, there is dire need to make the structures resistant against earthquakes as well as to have an effective disaster management system in place to counter the effects of earthquakes. Contents of the paper This paper does a detailed analysis of the research topic i.e. earthquake and explores its various aspects. The aspects discussed in the paper include but are not limited to discussion of the engineering problem, its importance, its relation with geology and engineering, impacts of the engineering problem on the society, challenges associated with it, geological analysis of the problem, and strategies that may be employed to deal with this engineering problem. In addition to that, a case study is discussed in detail . The case study is about a real life earthquake incident that occurred within the last ten years, and that had huge implications on the society. The paper discusses ways in which effects of the earthquake were dealt with, and the potential strategies to avoid the effects of such incidents in the future. Relation between earthquakes and geology Earthquakes are fundamentally related to geology because they happen as a result of movement of the tectonic plates. There are four layers of earth, that include the inner core, the outer core, the mantle and the crust when arranged in an inside out fashion. Although the crust and the mantle constitute a thin layer on the earth’s surface, that is fragmented into different pieces that may slide past each other. An earthquake occurs when two blocks of earth slip across each other. The surface across which the slip happens is known as the fault plane. Earthquake starts at the hypocenter that is directly below the surface of earth where ea rthquake happens, known as the epicenter. Relation between earthquakes and engineering Earthquakes are related to engineering because their occurrence imparts the need to engineer the structures in such a way that they can resist the effects of earthquakes. Every structure has a different foundation design that is engineered in such a way that it can effectively transfer the load of the structure to the earth and can help the building withstand all external shocks and risk factors including heavy winds and earthquakes. Foundation designs of buildings if modified appropriately, make the buildings earthquake-resistant. Impacts of earthquake on the society There are numerous impacts of earthquake on the society that include but are not limited to disrupted normal life, loss of life, loss of property, loss of housing, breakdown of the social order, damaged infrastructure, loss of business, disrupted communication channels, loss of the industrial output, and disrupted marketing systems. â€Å"The effects of an earthquake can also cause dangerous landslides, fires, gas line and electric explosions, and floodwaters from collapsing dams† (Pollard). Earthquakes have numerous short term and long term effects. Many children get kidnapped during the earthquakes. Long term effects of earthquakes include decline in the socioeconomic system of the country. â€Å"Evidence points to elevated rates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and earthquake-related fears in children