President Theodore Roosevelt Proclamation and First Inaugural

President Theodore Roosevelt Proclamation and First first Address The Use of Ethos and condolence Lisa Weber ENG 530. 020 Dr. Mollick December 5, 2012 Inaugural addresses usually follow a farewell address given up by the outgoing President. In the book Presidents Creating Presidency full treatment D matchless in Words, Campbell and Jamiesons chapter on Farewell Addresses explain that a farewell address is an anticipatory ritual the address is delivered days, sometimes weeks, before an outgoing chair while lays down the office, an event that does non occur until a successor is sworn in (308).This was not the case for Theodore Roosevelt for there was no pending farewell speeches planned. iniquity-President Roosevelt became hot seat after the unexpected assassi realm of President William McKinley on September 14, 1901. In Campbell and Jamiesons chapter on Special Addresses The Speeches of Ascendant Vice Presidents, they state that in chronicle there pretend been only nine time s where a vice president moved up to president (57). Eight of these incidents involved a president being assassinated and one involved impeachment.Campbell and Jamieson besides acknowledge that the death of any person creates the need for a unique form of symbolic chemical reaction the eulogy and that need for a eulogy even more urgent (57). They affirm that the community is threatened beca engage it has lost its leader the citizenry needs reassurance that common institutions will survive (57). The unexpected death of McKinley left Roosevelt with the responsibility of comforting the nation. Roosevelt was able to reassure the citizens through the process of his First Proclamation.This proclamation could be seen as his first inaugural address to the nation, with the second official inaugural address coming on March 4, 1905. In this paper we will be looking for at two different appeals, pathos and ethos, being used in two totally different addresses. In order to comprehend the use of these rhetorical approaches we need to look at some important information behind the man Theodore Roosevelt. Theodore Roosevelt was a man of many contrives as well as ideals. He was a well educated man more than some of the presidents before him and those who came after him.While attending college his first year studies consisted of Classical Literature, Greek (Plato), Latin (Cicero, Horace), German Language studies, Mathematics, Physics, and Chemistry. In his sophomore year he studied magniloquence, business dealingship, while taking the following electives German IV, German V, French IV, subjective archives III and Natural History VIII. The junior year brought him to studying six themes in English, Philosophy with elective courses in German VIII, Italian I, Philosophy VI, Natural History I, and Natural History III.Roosevelts last year consisted of classes in the four forensic themes in English, Italian II, Political Economy II, Natural History IV, and Natural History VI. With all these courses any person could see how strongly educated Roosevelt was and how knowledgeable he was in all areas of academia. With his classes in English and Rhetoric he became eloquent with his linguistics allowing him to compose his own speeches and books. In Speeches of the American Presidents, Janet Podell and Steven Anzovin believed that Theodore Roosevelt, Woodrow Wilson and Thomas Jefferson were naturally gifted in writing (355).They assert that Roosevelt saw himself as a professional man of letters, and his total output of words, which numbers in the tens of millions, dwarfs that of any other president (355). Through research, many individuals believe that Roosevelt was the main writer of all his speeches. Podell and Anzovin believe that Roosevelt had been known to have dictated them in outline form and that he used his confidants such as Henry Cabot Lodge to look at his speeches and other messages before presenting them (355).In Politics as Performance Art The Bod y English of Theodore Roosevelt, H. W. Brands states that he wore out the stenographers dictating letters, and he wore out clerks reading his messages to Congress and he continues with informing the reader in parentheses that his first message, drafted before McKinley was cold in the grave, weighed in at twenty thousand words (121). In the biographical material that Podell and Anzovin have compiled they inform the reader that Roosevelt was once a sunlight school teacher and saw the political platform as a bully pulpit (356).They also express that Roosevelts tendency in speaking and writing resembles that of a Protestant preacher, as he stresses the importance of walking towards the paths of righteousness and virtue (356). numerous mess did not like the manner to which Roosevelt would present his speeches because he would be seen as being very loud in volume. While walking anchor and forth he can be seen waving his speech around like a maniac man screeching his voice in tones th at were intolerable to some listening.Podell and Anzovin describes William Roscoe Thayer observations to the manner of which Roosevelt dramatized his speeches that some of the listeners were fascinated by his gestures, the way in which his pent-up thoughts seemed almost to strangle him before he could utter them, his smile exhibit the white rows of teeth, his fist clenched to strike an invisible adversary (356). Theodore Roosevelt loved the attention and enjoyed the art of oratory for he looked for many opportunities to speak in public, especially on issues that he was passionate about.For Roosevelt, speechmaking was a means to educate the public and to inspire it (356). One of Roosevelts closest friends, Henry Cabot Lodge gives course credit to Roosevelts dominance over his listeners to the force of conviction with which he preached his pile of the just society (356). Henry Cabot Lodge describes and esteems Roosevelt in his article Why Theodore Roosevelt Should Be Elected Presid ent when he reminds the public of all of Roosevelts accomplishments when he says he has carried on the policies of his predecessor he has been loyal to Republican principles (329).He continues his list of accomplishments when he states that Roosevelt has intrepidly enforced the laws in regards to trusts. His prompt and courageous action has given us the Panama Canal. He has raised the prestige of the Monroe Doctrine to a higher come out than ever before and brought the great nations of the earth to the Hague Tribunal, a signal service to the cause of peace (329). Cabot fateed the citizens to remember all the good that Roosevelt had perfect(a) since taking the helm.In Roosevelts speech The Strenuous Life, he believed that a mans showcase and Americas character was what set us unconnected from others. He give tongue to in this speech that he wish to preach not the doctrine of ignoble ease still the doctrine of the strenuous purport the life of toil and effort of labor and str ife, to preach that highest form of success which comes not to the man who desires mere easy peace but to the man who does not shrink from danger, from hardship, or from bitter toil, and who out of these wins the splendid ultimate triumph (357).Roosevelt was one to utilize vocabulary enabling people to remember what he stood for and what his vision was for every man for with these words he became a man of magnetism. In Images in Words Presidential Rhetoric, Charisma, and Greatness, four authors (Cynthia Emrich, Holly Brower, Jack Feldman and Howard Garland) analyzed two sets of U. S. presidents speeches to crack whether their propensities to convey images in words were linked to perceptions of their charisma and greatness (527).As a result of this study they came to the conclusion that the presidents who in their inaugural addresses used more image-based diction were deemed greater in the area of charisma. They also found that the presidents that used these image-based words in th eir speeches were considered and graded higher in the area of charisma and greatness (527). As a result of these findings, the four authors decided that with the proper(ip) approach and verbiage any leader would be able to convey his/her vision with verbal/ opthalmic illustrations.The verbal and visual imagery would help the listeners paint a picture in their minds to help them remember what was the subject matter was and was more apt to deplume it to memory. In this article, Emrich, Brower, Feldman and Garland believe that leaders who use words that evoke pictures, sounds, smells, tastes, and other sensations tap more directly into followers life experiences than do leaders who use words that appeal solely to followers intellect (529).This study also looked at the other side of the spectrum where leaders used concept-based rhetoric and as a result both charisma and greatness failed to reach significance (549). Taking all this into consideration, Roosevelt knew what he was doing i n each of his speeches and how he could reach his audience. With proper preparation, Roosevelt crafted some of the most monumental speeches and phrases that history will always remember. Roosevelt took careful consideration as to the mode and manner of his language that he would use to be able to comfort and console a grieving nation.In Theodore Roosevelts unofficial inaugural address, which was really his First Presidential Proclamation, he took all the necessary precautions to calm the pain and grief of the nations mourners through his words. On the Theodore Roosevelt Center website it displays the statement that Roosevelt made in Ansley Wilcoxs library. Ansley Wilcox was a close friend of Roosevelt and was a prominent lawyer. He also prepareed closely together with him as well as fresh York State Governor Grover Cleveland. Vice President Roosevelt was sworn in (without a Bible) as President of the United States in a non-traditional manner.The unexpected death of McKinley affect ed many for the loss brought a sense of uncertainty in the national affairs. It was Roosevelts job to convince the nation that he was worthy of fulfilling the duties of William McKinley. In Andrew Carnegies introduction for Roosevelts book The Roosevelt Policy he believes that the man of destiny comes to nations, as we know, just when he is most needed (ix). Carnegie believes that the untimely death of McKinley was ordained in a sense. In Roosevelts statement that was printed in the Buffalo Sunday Times he stated I shall take the oath at once in accord with the request of you members of the Cabinet, and in this hr of our deep and terrible national bereavement I wish to state that it shall be my aim to continue absolutely unbroken the policy of President McKinley for the peace, the prosperity and the honor of our beloved field. It is here that we see a man who is grieving with the nation, but also realizing that he had to assure the nation that President McKinleys work and vision would continue. When Roosevelt was sworn in he had a very private ceremony with little attention.He did not want the funeral as well as the curse into office to bring to pass a circus of journalists. He only allowed McKinleys cabinet, Ansley Wilcox and several other advisors. With the pressure of crafting a eulogy style proclamation with the use of pathos, Roosevelt allowed others to help him in the process for reassurance. In this proclamation he would try to reach out and make the situation in the flesh(predicate) to all when he stated the President of the United States has been struck downa crime committed not only against the chief magistrate, but against every law fixed and liberty-loving citizen (Buffalo Sunday Times).In the second part of his proclamation, Roosevelt elaborates on the goodness of William McKinley and what he stood for as a human, as a citizen and as a Christian who would remain a loved heritage of our people (Buffalo Sunday Times). After he sings the pra ises of McKinley, Roosevelt joins in with grief and with sorrow by stating it is meet that we as a nation express our abiding and reverence for his life, our deep sorrow over his untimely death (Buffalo Sunday Times).The proclamation comes in the last portion of the entire eulogy when he when he commits September 19th as a day of mourning and prayer and encourages people to go to their own personal place worship in honor, obligingness and love of the untimely death of President McKinley. These spoken words are different than those that were spoken at Roosevelts second (first as an elected president) Inaugural address. On Saturday March 4, 1905, Theodore Roosevelt gave his very first Inaugural Address as an elected President of the United States. This was not the same style of address that he had given six months after William McKinley was assassinated.Many doubted Roosevelt and several left their positions under his command so the election of 1905 was crucial for Roosevelt to conti nue his plan. Roosevelts character, morals had a major(ip) role in him getting elected in 1905. Roosevelt lived out what he preached about in regards to having just morals and an upright character within society. populate respected him and knew that he was genuine and forthright in everything he accomplished and believed. In the book The Roosevelt Policy there is an Introduction section where Andrew Carnegie informs the reader the positives of Theodore Roosevelt.Carnegie compares the critics of capital of Nebraska to those of Roosevelt where they judge them on their mannerisms and traditions. He continues to acknowledge some of Roosevelts attributes when he states we accept Roosevelt for what he is and would not have him differentan able, courageous, honest, democratic man of the people acting himself out just as the centre leads him without one particle of pretense (ix). we read Roosevelts Inaugural Address where he illustrates that he was thankful, humble, responsible, reliable, blessed by the Giver of Good, sincere, generous, and friendly (245).He believes that Roosevelts finest qualities shine resplendent in his relations with his principal colleagues around him for these qualities involve Roosevelts loyalty to his close friends who have become first friends and after that colleagues (xx). One of Theodore Roosevelts goals as President according to Carnegie is to develop in the average man of affairs a keener sense of personal and official responsibility than ever existed before (xv). When we delve into the actual Inaugural Address itself we can see through the eyes of Roosevelt a great nation, a nation striving to live with all humility and dignity.Roosevelt states that he believes that we have become a great Nation, forced by the position of its greatness into relations with the other nations of the earth and we must behave as beseems a people with such responsibilities and that our attitude must be one of cordial and sincere friendly relationship (246 ). Here we see that Roosevelt is making it all personal and including the citizens as part of that greatness. The need to show with our actions and not just with our words is the premise of desiring the acquisition of others free grace by demonstrating a spirit of just and generous recognition of all their right (246).One of the greatest statements from the Inaugural Address involves the expectancy of within and without our nation and Roosevelt believes that much has been given us, and much will rightfully be expected from us. We have duties to others and duties to ourselves and we cab shirk from neither. We have become a great nation, forced by the fact of its greatness into relations with the other nations of the earth, and we must behave as beseems a people with such responsibilities (246). Roosevelt wanted to enforce the positives of the importance of being a nation of character.Throughout Roosevelts address he talks about responsibility, and the importance of having high trait s of character as that people which seeks to govern its affairs aright through the freely expressed will of the freemen who compose it (248). He was also an advocate to leaving a proud heritage within the personal family and as well as the nation. Roosevelt thought about the future and the future of his children, and our children today. He wanted to be able to give them the hope that all our past, present and future presidents will want to give.In Politics as Performance Art The Body English of Theodore Roosevelt, H. W. Brands conveys his insight by stating that Roosevelt had an enormous ego and that he simply loved the limelight (121). Theodore had to record himself and to the nation after McKinley was assassinated because he was considered the foe of the bosses and that it was a necessity (121). In David Greenbergs Beyond the Bully Pulpit one area that Roosevelt remained confining to was his faith in God for he saw political questions as spiritual ones His advocacy of social imp rovement was high-minded and hortatory (25).Roosevelt understood that the problems and issues the country was facing was contrary the ones of his predecessors and acknowledges that fact when he states in his address that though the tasks set before us differ from the tasks set before our fathers who founded and preserved this Republic, the spirit in which these tasks must be undertaken and these problems faced, if our duty is to be well done, remains essentially unchanged (248). He continues by stating that we need to uphold the highest character for it is with this character that we can continue in self-government (248).He believes that in order to maintain our freedom we need to continually demonstrate not merely in crisis, but in everyday affairs of life, the qualities of practical intelligence, of courage, of hardihood, and endurance, and above all the power of devotion to a lofty ideal, which made great the men who founded this Republic in the days of Washington, which made gr eat the men who preserved this Republic in the days of Abraham Lincoln (248). Throughout this research many influential people recognised Theodore Roosevelts giftedness in writing and in oratory.He knew how to reach individuals and make them feel as if they were part of the solution and that they mattered to him. Theodore Roosevelts First Inaugural Address was unlike majority of our Presidents, past and present. There was no farewell address from a reigning president but instead there was a eulogy. The transition from Vice President to President was abrupt even though they all tried to make the transition smoothly. Roosevelt knew that his words and deeds were going to either make him or break him.One area that stayed consistent throughout his life was his character for that was strong and did not waiver. He was a trusted man and a man of his word who wanted the best for the nation in such a trying time period. Theodore Roosevelt has become a role model for many people and has been o ne who people will remember for years to come. Works Cited Brands H. W. Politics as Performance Art The Body English of Theodore Roosevelt. eBook Collection. EBSCO. Web. 29 Nov 2012. Campbell, Karlyn. , Jamieson, Kathleen. Presidents Creating the Presidency Deeds through with(p) in Words.Chicago U of Chicago P, 2008. Print. Emrich, Cynthia G. , Holly H. Brower, Jack M. Feldman and Howard Garland. Images in Words Presidential Rhetoric, Charisma and Greatness. Administrative Science Quarterly 46. 3 (2001) 527-557. JSTOR. 22 Oct 2012 http//www. jstor. org/search Gelderman, Carol. any the Presidents Words. The Wilson Quarterly (1976- ) 19. 2 (1995) 68-79. JSTOR. 22 Oct 2012 http//www. jstor. org/search Greenberg, David. Beyond the Bully Pulpit. The Wilson Quarterly 35. 3 (2011) 22-29. JSTOR. 22 Oct 2012 http//www. jstor. org/searchLodge, Henry Cabot. Why Theodore Roosevelt Should Be Elected President. The North American Review 179. 574 (1904) 321-330. JSTOR. 22 Oct 2012 http//www. jstor. org/search Presidents Proclamation. Buffalo Sunday Time, New York, 15 Sept. 1901. Web. 11 Nov. 2012. http//www. theodorerooseveltcenter. org/research/digital-library/record Podell, Janet. , Anzovin, Steven. Speeches of the American Presidents. eBook Collection. EBSCO. Web. 29 Nov 2012. Roosevelt, Theodore. The Roosevelt Policy. New York, NY, The Current Literature Publishing Co. , 1908. 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