Language and Mind Essay

1. Which of the adjacent statements ab knocked out(p) parameters is FALSE?a. They specify the limits on possible differences between speechs b. They do not belong to Universal Grammar c. Their values must be notice on the basis of experience2. From the viewpoint of the principles-and-parameters theory, the process of nomenclature assumement consists ofa. Setting the choice for each parameter that fits the wrangle that is being acquired b. Storing voice communication and sentences in memoryc. Learning the order in which lyric excrete in sentences3. If some property X is true for both linguistic processs, we ordure conclude thata. X may be a property that in all and merely speech communications welcome (i.e. a voice communication-unique universal) b. X must be a general property of all cognitive brasssc. X is determined by the universal human beings articulatory apparatus4. The fact that young infants do not forget about objects that they have seen after these obj ects have been taken away is calleda. object shiftb. habituationc. object permanence 5. dish out the following two question sentencesi. When did the boy say he disappear out of the tree?ii. When did the boy say how he fell out of the tree?The first question is ambiguous becausea. It is not clearly hypothecateb. It has two different underlying deep structures c. It has one sentence plant in another sentence6. The statement perception is ahead of doing means thata. Children lowlife articulate words before they can tell apart and understand them b. Children can recognize and understand words and sentences that they cannot yet mightily produce themselves c. Childrens visual abilities are better than their auditory abilities7. The peculiar(a) way in which parents speak to young infants is calleda. telegraphic speechb. baby talk or parentesec. Recursion8. The Critical Period that is relevant for first and second language eruditenessa. That is correct b. That is incorrect because it is only relevant for first language acquisition c. That is incorrect because it is only relevant for second language acquisition9. Genies success in acquiring English move out to be very limited. The greatest problem she had wasa. Learning wordsb. Understanding what people said to herc. Forming utterances with syntactic structure 10. Genies case provides important support fora. The critical period hypothesis b. The subprogram of motherese in language acquisitionc. The Poverty of stimulus command for innateness11. Imagine the following scenario Some Japanese people come to Mexico to do business. None of them speaks Spanish, and none of their Mexican partners speaks Japanese. thither is no other language that these two groups have in common. Therefore, they have to develop a grade of auxiliary communication system that can fit this special circumstance. This system is most likely to be aa. Creoleb. pidgin c. English12. consort to Derek Bickerton a creole language is created b ya. adults who are forced to advance with each other over a long period of era without having a shared language b. people who need to have a secret languagec. children whose linguistic excitant consists of a pidgin verbalize in their community 13. The fact that children are apparently capable of producing a creole language which has grammatical properties that are not present in the pidgin input can be used as evidence fora. The view that children have innate knowledge of language structure b. The view that pidgin languages have underground grammatical structure c. The view that children are born with blank specify minds14. For a universal to count as an agate line for the IH, which of the following leash conditions is NOT necessarya. The universal must be true of languages onlyb. We cannot explain the universal in any other wayc. The universals must be about the syntax of language15. Which of the following is NOT a property of creole languages?a. Creole languages have a ve ry simplified grammar b. Creole languages have been acquired as first languagesc. Creole languages have a fully developed grammar16. Which of the following statements is FALSE?a. Sign languages differ from spoken languages in being based on visual signals rather than on sound b. Sign languages have emerged spontaneously (i.e. they are not unreal or artificial) just like spoken languages c. Sign languages are fundamentally different from spoken languages in that all signs are necessarily iconic 17. The existence of sign languages, being fully equivalent in all relevant respects to spoken languages, supports the innateness hypothesis becausea. Both types of languages are polished in totally different brain regions b. Both types of languages depend on the innate principles of the auditory or visual system c. Even though the perceptual modality (audition versus vision) is so different from the spoken language modality, the self said(prenominal)(prenominal) kind of grammatical struct ures are present in both types of languages 18. The stages that children, who acquire a sign language, go through (after they start babbling) area. The same as the stages we see in the acquisition of spoken languages b. Different in that deaf children skip the two word stagec. Different in that deaf children never get to the point that they form full sentences19. In the case of Nicaraguan Sign Language, the youngest children changed the unstructured signing of their older peers into a structured language. This is analogous toa. ever-changing a pidgin into a creole b. changing a creole into a pidginc. changing a spoken language into a sign language20. A simplified form of human communication used by people with no common language is a(n)a. Pidgin language b. Creole languagec. Artificial language21. Which of the following statements is unbent?a. All pidgin languages have the same grammarb. All pidgin languages have very simplex grammars c. All pidgin languages have fully developed grammars22. Which of the following statements is TRUEa. Children can acquire only one languages at the same timeb. There are no fixed stages in the acquisition of sign languages c. external language learning after puberty in general leads to decrepit language abilities 23. The argument that the input that children receive is not rich equal to explain the rich knowledge that they end up with is calleda. The argument from universalsb. The argument from stagesc. The poverty of the stimulus argument 24. Evidence for categorical perception in young infants comes froma. Habituation studies b. Diary studiesc. Longitudinal studies25. In which stage of language acquisition would children most likely produce a sentence much(prenominal) as mommy want milky?a. Holophrastic stageb. Two word-stagec. Telegraphic stage