Channel Firing Poem Analysis Essay - 1497 Words

Thomas Hardys â€Å"Channel Firing† is a poem written in 1914, four months prior to the start of World War 1. This historical context is crucial to understanding the poem as it expresses the dark and sorrowful foreshadowing of the months before the war, creating feelings of tension, turmoil and unrest. There were, at the time, many young men who did not share the common unease, more so tension turned to excitement, turmoil to eagerness and unrest to anticipation. The split between society in the months leading up to the war is portrayed in Hardys poem. For example, the anonymous character Hardy embodies in this poem states how he â€Å"thought it was judgement day† as he hears gunfire, quite clearly depicting his fear and others around him as he†¦show more content†¦This interpretation could be seen to blame the church, as does the aforementioned point made stating how men fight and die in the name of God, making a direct relation between religion and death. In the third stanza, I believe Hardy uses an interesting and peculiar image of a drooling glebe cow. This image, in my opinion, could either show how this creature is unaffected by the turmoil of war, perhaps showing how mankinds wars have little impact on the rest of the world. It could also be a criticism towards the church. Throughout Hardys other poetry he questions either the motivations or the very existence of God, therefore we could assume that the image given through the quote, â€Å"the glebe cow drooled† could indeed be critical towards the Church or God. However, clearly in this instance Hardy is not necessarily doubting Gods existence as he introduces him as a character. He explains to the risen dead that it is not â€Å"Judgement Day†, merely the beginning of another war, comparing it to the wars in which they died, describing it as â€Å"the world as it used to be†. This description brands humanity as a race born to fight, nothing more. The usage of the quote â€Å"All nations striving strong to make Red war yet redder† show how this could be viewed as anShow MoreRelatedStrategy Safari by Mintzberg71628 Words   |  287 PagesSupply Changes—Impacting production processes, investment requirements Changes in number of suppliers—Impacting costs, availability 6. M a r k e t Changes New uses of products—Impacting demand, capacity utilization New markets—Impacting distribution channels, demand, capacity utilization Product obsolescence—Impacting prices, demand, capacity utilization Source: From Power et al. (1986:38). 1. Strategy formation should be a deliberate process of conscious thought (94, 543). Action must flow from reason:Read MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesOral Communication 340 †¢ Written Communication 341 †¢ Nonverbal Communication 341 Organizational Communication 342 Formal Small-Group Networks 343 †¢ The Grapevine 343 †¢ Electronic Communications 345 †¢ Managing Information 349 Choice of Communication Channel 350 xiv CONTENTS Persuasive Communications 351 Automatic and Controlled Processing 351 †¢ Interest Level 352 †¢ Prior Knowledge 352 †¢ Personality 352 †¢ Message Characteristics 352 Barriers to Effective Communication 353 Filtering 353 †¢ SelectiveRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pageslooking at alternative actions that can be taken, then considering the probable good consequences of each action and the probable bad consequences while weighing the positive and negative impact of each consequence. It’s a kind of cost-benefit analysis. Exercises 1. Columbus Day is an American holiday. Write a short essay that weighs the pros and cons and then comes to a decision about whether there should be more or less public celebration (by Americans and their institutions) on Columbus

Article, Background And Self Reflection - 1916 Words

Introduction, Background Self-Reflection Crime Media have always gone hand-in-hand because the public wants to be updated on what is happening around them. News media has always had a history of distorting the truth which has created an opinion of distrust and inaccuracy to the public. Generally, crime is not a huge focus in my life, but when I do happen to get invested into any topic, the type of media content that I generally use the most is the internet. Very rarely will I watch the news or read the paper, because I prefer the instantaneous, unfiltered experience that you get from researching about it yourself. I do enjoy watching â€Å"COPS† or reality courtroom shows purely for entertainment, but little to no information from them is used for formulating my opinions of the world around me. The best thing about using the internet, in my opinion, is that you have access to normal, everyday people’s videos and opinions about specific incidents, and you can discuss or debate about it in real time. You can t alk to anyone around the world and there is no â€Å"middle man† stretching the truth or making sure you don’t hear about certain things. With that being said, my opinion about criminals and criminal justice system is mixed. Personally, I think the police force gets a little bit too much heat from the public. It’s a very tough job, and it feels like people will defend criminals just for the sake of hating police officers. For example, the problem of police officers shootingShow MoreRelatedAcademic Integrity And Student Plagiarism1622 Words   |  7 PagesThis essay concerns the issues of academic integrity as plagiarism and buying essays. This work addresses, much attention will be paid to the background of breaches of academic integrity. Students’ behavior will be described and thoroughly analyzed. This essay will provide an understanding that current educational system itself creates prerequisites for such violations. Nowadays, American students try to subvert the educational system by using plagiarism in essays. The educational system tries toRead MoreReflection Paper On Psychology Of Women1334 Words   |  6 PagesRunning Head: SELF-REFLECTION 1 Self-Reflection: Psychology of Women Critical Thinking Paper 1 Hillary Cohen University of Maryland SELF-REFLECTION 2 My name is Hillary Cohen and I identify as a Jewish straight American woman. I grew up in a Conservative community surrounded by people who were a little more and a little less religious than I was. While growing up, my parents always made sure to let me and my sisters know that we could do anythingRead MoreWhat Was Girl Before A Mirror By Pablo Picasso1199 Words   |  5 Pagescontrast between the woman and her reflection. Picasso also incorporated a mixture of unusual geometrical shapes that resemble a woman. In the painting, she seems to have clothes on her body but also seems to be naked. The paint strokes were thick, bold, and seemingly freehand, allowing the mind to wander and create its own interpretation. Also, there are a great difference in the facial expression and the colors used on the face between the girl and her reflection. Picasso painted Girl before a MirrorRead MoreWe Start By Defining Executive Coaching Essay1388 Words   |  6 PagesVianen (2013) conducted a m eta-analysis to determine the effectiveness of coaching in an organizational setting. They screened 107 articles and found 18 studies for inclusion which established coaching to have significant positive effects on performance and skills, well-being, coping, work attitudes, and goal-directed self-regulation. There was no consensus between articles on which coaching outcomes were desired, and the outcome of transformation was not studied. In addition, conducting coaching effectivenessRead MoreThe Issues Of Multiculturalism And Diversity938 Words   |  4 PagesI believe this article is prominent when addressing the issues of multiculturalism and diversity in that it explores thoughts and experiences of white female teachers educating students of color. The article takes real-world diversity issues within school settings and offers self-reflection on the parts of educators and the readers themselves. The teachers in the article are White females educating African American children. This is diversity in itself. The researcher allows the teachers to openlyRead MoreThe Role Of Visual Arts For Stage Interventions Into The Representation Of The Female Self722 Words   |  3 Pagesparticular reference to the portrayal of women.†¨By drawing from the field of art and literature featuring the mirror and reflection, I will be looking at how the work of contemporary women artists and photographers challenged traditional at titudes and practices. This dissertation will be about women who use visual arts to stage interventions into the representation of the ‘female self’.†¨The female body and mirror have repeatedly featured in visual art over the centuries. It is the purpose of my dissertationRead More Critical Review of Helping Students Meet the Challenges of Academic Writing by Fernsten and Reda 1386 Words   |  6 Pages ‘Helping students meet the challenges of academic writing’ by Fernsten and Reda is an interesting study how reflective writing practices can be useful for marginalized students, who are struggling with â€Å"negative writer self-identity. The possible causes according to Fernsten Reda are, â€Å"issues such as race, class and gender that are marginalized factors for many basic writers†, in addition to the expectations of the dominant academic culture. However, even though Fernsten Reda illuminatedRead MoreDiversity789 Words   |  4 PagesBased on the article, Mindful Reflection as a Process for Developing Culturally Responsive Practices, prepare a 500-750-word reflective essay. Within your essay, address the following: * Describe personal frames of reference regarding cultural, linguistic, and gender differences; * Reflect upon how these differences influence your ability to create a learning environment that respectfully encompasses cultural and other individual differences; and * Describe specific ways to incorporateRead MoreThe Theory And Practices Of Reflection1254 Words   |  6 Pages Critical reflection is the active, organised cognitive process used to carefully examine ones thinking and the thinking of others. It draws upon skills used in other ways of thinking, but is viewed as a broader concept that’s differentiated by its holistic, purposeful, reflective and goal orientated nature. Critical thinking is central to quality nursing practice. It is therefore important that nurses purposefully use and develop their critical thinking ability in order to deliver safe and effectiveRead MoreReflection Paper : Reflections And My Mental State Of A Man Who Has Not Gone Through My Life1468 Words   |  6 PagesReflections 8/6 From what I read, I am supposedly going to become a better person by following the guide of a man who has not gone through my life and has not borne witness to my suffering. I know that considering my background and my mental state that reading this book will only make me angry for it seems to be a mockery of myself, a teen. I am nothing like a ‘teen’ I have matured much faster than I should have and have never been in trouble or done anything that requires me to ‘straighten up.’

Fighting Dyslexia - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1624 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2017/09/24 Category Education Essay Type Argumentative essay Tags: Dyslexia Essay Problems Essay Did you like this example? Dyslexia is quickly becoming one of the most common forms of learning disabilities in America. My personal purpose of conducting research on this topic is because my nine year old niece was diagnosed with dyslexia last year. The causes of all learning disabilities, not just dyslexia, are either heredity or environmental influences. Among these causes, each child is different, which is why it is most important to assess and treat the child as an individual not specifically as a child with dyslexia. The term â€Å"learning disabled† is a label given to a type of student who seems to be intelligent but is unable to learn academic material readily† (Stevenson, 1974, p. 3). It is hard to fully understand learning disabilities because they have so many misconceptions. Everyone has learning strengths and learning weaknesses. As adults, our weaknesses were either in areas which did not interfere seriously with our progress through school, or not severe enough to prevent us from achieving our most important goals. Children with learning disabilities, however, suffer an unlucky combination: not only are their weaknesses more pronounced than usual, but they also lie in those areas most likely to interfere with the acquisition of basic skills in reading, writing, or mathematics (Smith Strick, 1997). In order to overcome learning disabilities, it is vitally important for both parents and students to understand exactly in which of these areas deficits lie. It is needed to establish reasonable goals both at school and at home. Most important, this knowledge will ultimately make it possible for the child to become a confident, independent learner. Precise identification of a child’s learning problems involve a comprehensive evaluation. However, any adult concerned with children who have learning disabilities must understand the following three points. â€Å"First, children with learning disabilities frequently have problems in more than one area. Second, learning disabilities do not vanish when a child leaves school for the day. Lastly, learning disabilities can produce â€Å"emotional consequences† (Smith Strick, 1997, p. 33-34). Without the right kind of encouragement and support, young kids will rapidly stop believing in themselves and their ability to succeed. Quite often, parents are offered only a vague description of their children’s learning disabilities. You may be told that your child has â€Å"a written expression handicap,† for example, or that the child is moderately dyslexic†. When a parent asks what exactly â€Å"moderately dyslexic† means, they are usually told a simple definition such as, â€Å"the youngster has some trouble reading† (Smith Strick, 1997, p. 118). This is not the case; dyslexia is so much more intricate and specialized than that. The trouble with terms like these is that they give parents absolutely no idea what the student actually can and cannot do. Columbia Encyclopedia defines dyslexia as, â€Å"in psychology, a developmental disability in reading or spelling, generally becoming evident in early schooling. To a dyslexic, letters and words may appear reversed, e. g. , d seen as b or was seen as saw. Many dyslexics never learn to read or write effectively, although they tend to show above average intelligence in other areas (Columbia Encyclopedia, 2009). Now that the correct definition has been establishes, it is important for both the parent and the teacher to work together to help the student succeed. Here are simple steps to be taken by responsible teachers and parents when they suspect a reading problem. First, ascertain an estimation of the child’s level of intelligence. Contact the appropriate school administrator and ask if the child has been given any group or individual intelligence tests in the last which would indicate his/her intelligence level. Do not try to pin them down to an exact IQ sco re; just simply ask if the child is average, below average or above average, according to the test results. Then, determine the child’s present level of reading skills. Use a simple reading test to find an estimate of the grade equivalent and instructional level. Then find out if the child has some or all of the typical signs and characteristics of a specific learning disability. Common characteristics are habitually and persistently reversing letters and numbers, miscopying a word in one place and copying it right in another, immature speech, and confusing the order of syllables in multisyllabic words, such as â€Å"japama† for pajama, â€Å"pasghetti† for spaghetti, and â€Å"aminals† for animals (Wagner, 1979, p. 48). Then, either the parent or the teacher should examine carefully the quality of the child’s oral reading and determine if he reverses letters or whole words. In particular, what needs to be looked at is the number of reversal errors, such as â€Å"was† for saw, which are typical for poor readers (Fisher Hartnegg, 2009). The last step is to try to find out where professional help is available, if needed (Wagner, 1979). Once the level of disability is found, then the student, parent and teacher can all work together to discover solutions for the child’s individual needs. There are many systems and practices for children with dyslexia. The first is the 15-minute session (Wagner, 1979, pg. 70). One of the outstanding characteristics of children with learning disabilities is that they have a very short attention span. After ten to fifteen minutes of instruction, they have simply had enough. This is why many are considered behavior problems. A fifteen minute reading session is a perfect amount of time for a child to sit and read. It is much better to take a break and then come back for another 15-minute session. But these sessions much be held consistently, every night, seven days a week. Thi s is the secret: consistency with a system. Another technique is Integral Phonics Reading Program (IPRP), this method of teaching children to read is based on the long vowels (Brutten, Richardson Mangel, 1973). This routine gives the student extensive experience in one type of procedure while building a vocabulary of five hundred words. In the IPRP the linguistic patterns of the long vowels are used because the learner has been exposed to these letter sounds throughout his/her preschool years. When the child sees the letter a, he learns that its sound is going to be the same as it is in the alphabet. These long vowels say their names. The child has a difficult enough time remembering the sounds of the twenty-one other consonants of the alphabet that do not say their names. For example, the letter w sounds more like the alphabet name of y (Stordy Nicholl, 2000). â€Å"It is any wonder that many students see the word wait and think this word starts with y† (Stevenson, 1 974)? Every consonant in the English language has one or more sounds. The child has to bring to mind instantaneously what the sound is going to be as he meets each consonant. A 2009 study comparing differences amongst dyslexic Chinese speaking and English speaking children found that U. S. dyslexic children have difficulty finding or manipulating the sound structure of oral communication, which results in problems mapping speech sounds onto letter. In China, however, dyslexia is a phonological problem and a visuospatial disorder, according to researchers (Viadero, 2009). In the study, researchers asked normal and dyslexic Chinese readers to judge the size of visual stimuli and found that the nondisabled readers excelled. Individual learning differences can also be related to sex differences (McGuinness, 1981). First, the categories of learning disabilities are sex-related. Second, and more important, the literature on sex differences clearly indicates that individual variation in brain organization, cognitive development, sensorimotor skills, and talent or interest is perfectly normal. One does not have to be brain-damaged or a victim of socialization to be different. When the Congress enacted Public Law 94-142, the Education for All Handicapped Children Act, there was no sizable reaction from press or public, yet this landmark piece of legislation finally assures the right to education for all children (Walsh, 1979). If we as a nation believe that free public education should be available to all children, we must consider solutions for the learning-disabled child in public schools. How many of these students are actually being helped? The authors of â€Å"Something’s Wrong with My Child†, asked each state department of education in the form of a questionnaire. Forty-one states replied. â€Å"Used uncritically, of the 7 million-plus children with learning disabilities in public schools, their figures showed that a mere 240,000 children were getting some kind of assistance in the 1970-1971 school year†(Brutten, Richardson Mangel, 1973, p. 81). The aid might have been anything, down to one ineffectual half-hour tutoring session a week for a child who needed much more. The true test of the value of the P. L. 94-142 will come, not in the realization of how many more children are handicapped by learning disabilities, but rather in how successfully those children will be helped to achieve their own potentials. References Brutten, M, Richardson, S, Mangel, C. (1973). Somethings wrong with my child. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc. Dyslexia. (2009). Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th Edition, 1. Retrieved from Academic Search Complete Database. Fisher, B. , ; Hartnegg, K. (2009). Instability of Fixation in Dyslexia: Development – Deficits – Training. Optometry ; Vision Development, 40(4), 221-228. Retrieved from Academic Search Complete database. Issues With a Fix For Kids With Issues. (2010). New York Times Magazine, 8. Retrieved from Academic Search Complete Database. McGuinness, D. (1981). When Children dont learn. New York: Basic Books, Inc. Smith, C, Strick, L. (1997). Learning disabilities: a to z. New York, NY: The Free Press. Stevenson, N. (1974). The Natural way to reading. Canada: Little, Brown Company. Stordy, B, Nicholl, M. (2000). The LCP Solution. New York: The Ballantine Publishing Group. Viadero, D. (2009). Dyslexia Variations. Education Week, 29(8), 10. Retrieved from Academic Search Complete database. Wagner, R. (1979). Dyslexia and your child. New York: Harper Row, Publishers, Inc. Walsh, R. (1979). Treating your hyperactive and learning disabled child. Garden City, NY: Anchor Press/Doubleday. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Fighting Dyslexia" essay for you Create order

Historical and Philosophical Perspectives of Educating Children Essay

Essays on Historical and Philosophical Perspectives of Educating Children Essay The paper "Historical and Philosophical Perspectives of Educating Children" is an amazing example of an essay on history. Throughout history, schools, families, and the community have changed their roles in relation to each other. Families, for example, have changed how they execute their basic functions. A family’s role in reproduction, education, socialization, economic, and emotional support have undergone radical changes. The changes occur as the family attempts to adapt to macro-system influences resulting from economics, technology, and political ideologies (Scully et al. 2015). Before the 19th century, for example, families educated their children at home. The education comprised of training to work on farms, as well as, religious teachings. In the mid-19th century, the education function shifted to schools because families could not mold children for an industrious role in the sophisticated U.S. economy. The children had to enroll in free public education in schools. B y then schools could only teach basic writing, reading, and good habits. As of today, schools are mandated to teach topics such as substance abuse, sex education, and various aspects of technology and economy (Scully et al. 2015). The community has also undergone a paradigm shift. Over the last century, social, cultural, economic, and technological changes have revolutionized the American community. Globalization and the information revolution have destroyed the bonds that defined neighborhoods and villages. In the past, for example, the native blacks lived in a society that observed strong communal ethics. Of late, the blacks are associated with drugs and other crimes. That, however, does not mean the change is all negative. The transformation that the community is going through is changing lives for the better (Scully et al. 2015).   Historical Event with the Greatest Impact Most of the historical events have had impacts on children’s education. The events witnessed in the 19th century, however, had an immense impact on the children’s education sector. The establishment of the first mandatory school attendance law in Massachusetts had the greatest impact on children’s education. It set standards to regulate the attendance of schools by children aged between eight and fourteen (Scully et al. 2015).

Osteoporosis Prevention On The Elderly - 1890 Words

Osteoporosis Prevention in the Elderly Abstract Osteoporosis is a common health concern globally. It has been estimated that 1 in 3 women in the United States suffers from osteoporosis and related fractures after menopausal age. According to the existing evidence, elderly patients have received inefficient attention regarding osteoporosis prevention or treatment. Moreover, physicians have practiced insufficiently in the prescription of anti-osteoporosis medication. Since the condition has a silent progressive process and presents with debilitating fractures, prompt diagnosis is of crucial importance to prevent morbidity and mortality. Nurses can play a pivotal role in postponing the osteoporosis progress and development of†¦show more content†¦Fragility fracture is occasionally the first presentation of osteoporosis. The incidence of osteoporosis-related fractures has been reported to increase with age and over 50% of the incidents occurring in menopausal women aged 75 year s. Vertebral column and hip are the most common site of fracture contributing to a significant morbidity and mortality in the elderly. Additionally, patients with a history of a fracture have a higher chance of encountering future fractures (Anders et al. 2007). Studies have demonstrated that as a person gets older, their likelihood of receiving adequate osteoporosis attention decreases with age. Moreover, elderly patients are very likely to develop more severe complication about osteoporosis. Therefore, prevention and prompt detection of patients at a high risk for development of osteoporosis is crucial. Herein. Nurses play a significant role in postponing osteoporosis and its morbidity or mortality by increasing patient s awareness to establish a healthy lifestyle, identification of patients for appropriate screening, and helping them to adhere to a preventive regimen (Chan, T., de Lusignan, S., Cooper, A., Elliott, M., 2015). Significance Osteoporosis occurs roughly in 30% of women with even a higher incidence in the elderly. It has been estimated that half of the hip fractures worldwide occur due to osteoporosis.

Utilitarian Approach The Elements Of Moral -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Utilitarian Approach The Elements Of Moral? Answer: Introduction: The essay aims an identification of ethical dilemma of Apple that has kept it the news for the past few years. Ethical dilemma also termed as moral dilemmas refers to situations where a choice is made between two options where neither possesses the power in resolving the situation to find acceptance ethically. In February 2016, the chief executive of Apple Tim Cook took stand for a matter that called for massive public debate (Lee, 2016). However, the debate around the flagship product of Apple that is the iPhone, swayed in either side of fence. On one hand, the Apple along with its digital rights groups ensures advocating protection of digital privacy of the customers while on the other hand the Federal Bureau of Investigation(FBI) and US government seeks support from the company in ensuring protection to national security. Specifically the FBI and US government demanded and sought help from Apple in unlocking the iPhone of terrorist who was involved in a terror attack in San Bernar dino, California. The investigation department recovered the phone from a slain terrorist and its unlocking would provide visual insights not only into the motives of attack but ensure crucial evidences regarding terrorist activities and networks. The FBI asked Apple for building a backdoor for decoding the iPhone thereby implying a newer version of operation system software of iPhone. This meant to help the agents of FBI in getting access to information and unlocking the phone. The CEO of Apple however refused, as it questioned the companys policy in protecting digital security and privacy. The essay also highlights managerial ethics and its influences on the managerial practice of Apple. Discussion: In the year, 2015 on December 2, there was a terror attack that took place at Inland Regional Centre in San Bernardino, California that killed that injured 22 and killed 14 people (Nagourey, Lovett Perezpena, 2015). The FBI had evidence of the fact that attack was a result of extensive planning and considered it as an act of terrorism. The primary focus of the investigation centred on checking the terrorist travel, phone, computer and other records for ascertaining the motive of the attack but all went in vain, as most of the evidences were destroyed. However, the only evidence that the FBI agents could find was an iPhone. The investigators feared that an attempt in unlocking the phone would completely erase stored data. This is when FBI sought the assistance of Apple for advice on the best available investigative option without destroying the evidence. In addition, the investigative agency also wanted the company to move a step further in helping them unlock the encrypted iPhone us ed by the slain terrorist. In other words, FBI wanted the company to build a backdoor to the iPhone. The governments stance also supported FBI and passed an order that directed Apple for providing technical assistance that was reasonable. Apple however refused as they considered it as moral dilemma and against the policies of the company (Cushman, Sheketoff, Wharton Carey, 2013). Policies related to customer privacy of Apple driven by chief executive officer Tim Cook who joined the company in the year 1998 and evolved as one of the most outspoken executives of the recent times (Kane, 2015). Under his leadership, the working conditions of the factory workers and the suppliers improved that also signified the prevalence of new culture of openness in the company. Apple also undertook certain environmental initiatives criticized by the investors. Tim Cook also stressed on the importance of cultural fit that made him fire a senior team member who was not a suitable fit for the culture of the company. The company under Cook became more transparent and open. Although he was not able to create the magic of Steve Jobs, but Apple undertook continuous innovation. Apple however responded to the order of the federal court and FBI as it portrayed a breach of privacy that undermined the liberty and freedom that the government seeks to protect (Sircar, 2017). Apple considered the decision of a backdoor to iPhone as something that was too dangerous for creation (Peregrina, 2016). The CEO also stressed on the fact that the software that FBI asked it to create would possess the potential for unlocking any iPhone under the possession of anyone. Apple also mentioned that there was no guarantee provided on limiting the usage of backdoor to a particular case. Apple feared that once created the application of the technique could be for unlocking innumerable devices. Moreover, the company also believed that the creation of backdoor would defeat the very purpose of company in encryption. They believed that once the information for encrypting data got revealed it could be adopted by anyone. Tim Cook also added that the company has worked harder in keeping away customer data even from the companys reach as a part of their policy. However, the ethical dilemma company faces lies in the fact that the government asked the company to hack its users that u ndermined security advancements that company followed in protecting its customers from cybercriminals and sophisticated hackers. The same engineers responsible for building stronger encryption in iPhone for user protection ordered to weaken them and make the iPhone less safe to the users (Mylan, 2017). The management team of Apple and Cook characterized the dilemma as the problem of dirty hands that referred to the condition of making harder moral choices that involved dilemmas of right versus right faced by the management. The moral dilemmas of the management represent the clashes amongst the conflicting and different moralities amongst the different spheres of responsibilities (Bay, 2017). Ethics refers to code of principles and moral values that ensures governing the behaviour of person or group with respect to what is wrong and right (Goetsch Davis, 2014). Ethics helps in setting the standard in determining what is correct or wrong in the process of decision-making and conduct. Ethics refers to the internal values that are part of corporate culture and decisions and concerned with social responsibility in terms of the external environment. Thus, presence of ethical issue is evident in situations when the actions of the organization or person are responsible for benefiting or harming others. Though the domain does not have any specific law but there exists standards of conduct determined based on values and shared principles regarding the moral conduct that guides a company or an individual. Three major levels of ethical or moral judgement that characterizes managers. This includes immoral management, moral management and amoral management (Christen, Van Schaik, Fisc her, Huppenbauer Tanner, 2016). Immoral management refers to the lack of ethical principles and is opposes to the ethical behaviour. This perspective characterized by exclusive or principal concern for the gains of the company, emphasizing on the profits and the success if the company at any price, on the lack of concern on the fair treatment about the desires of others and willingness in cutting corners (Weiss, 2014). Moral management on the other strives in following percept and ethical principle. While the moral managers desires in succeeding they prefer doing it within the parameters of ethical standards and the ideals of justice, fairness and the due process (Egan, 2013). Thus, the moral managers look forward in pursuing business objectives that involves profit making along with engagement in ethical and legal behaviours. The amoral management approach is neither moral nor immoral and is oblivious to the any kind of ethical considerations (Greenbaum, Quade Bonner, 2015). Ther e are two types of moral management, intentional and unintentional. When managers accused of cheating, lying or stealing the blame transferred to the individual or the situation of the company. It is however, the belief of most people that individuals based on their individual integrity make ethical choices that is partly true. Business practices of ethical or unethical standards helps in reflecting attitudes, values, beliefs and the behavioural patterns of organizational culture (Moore, 2013). Thus, ethics defines more of a personal issue than an organizational issue. Managers ensure specific behavioural and personality traits to a job. The value system of the manager is determined by influence of the family, religious background and personal needs that helps in shaping the value system of the manager. The personality characteristics such as self-confidence, ego strength and a sense of independence help managers in undertaking decisions ethically. Moral development is an important personal trait of the manager (Schwartz, 2016). Most managers acts based on their interest rather than the duties towards other stakeholders and employees. In the domain representing free choice, obedience is an aspect that remains strictly to one self. Thus, domain of ethical behaviour obedience refers to the standards and unenforceable norms that the company or individual is aware. Decisions that are ethically acceptable is morally and legally acceptable to the larger community (Hoffman, Frederick Schwartz, 2014). Most companies and individuals get in trouble with the simplified view that free choices leads them to mistakenly assume that it is not illegal but ethical to not have a third domain. Therefore, good options lie in recognizing the ethics domain and accept the moral values as a powerful force that helps in regulating behaviour not only outside but also inside corporations. With the wider recognition of the social responsibility and ethics principles, companies can use the ethics code in corporate cultures for governing the behaviour thereby eliminating the need of additional laws along with avoidance of problems. Deregulation of industry lead to the increase in unethical behaviour and has removed laws (Crane Matten, 2016). As there is no codification of ethical standards, so dilemmas and disagreements regarding proper behaviour often take place. Ethics always determines the power of decision-making but some issue are difficult in resolving (Iphofen, 2016). Ethical dilemma arises in a situation that concerns right or wrong and the values remain in conflict. In case of an ethical dilemma, there arises difficulty in clearly identifying the right and the wrong. This is quite clearly the case of ethical dilemma faced by Apple when forced to incorporate a backdoor policy for unlocking the iPhone by the government and the FBI. Most of ethical dilemmas involve conflicts between needs of whole and the part that implies conflict between organization and individual or organization versus the society as a whole (Shapiro Stefkovich, 2016). In this context, the CEO of Apple is in an ethical dilemma to encrypt the privacy of the users under pressure from FBI or the government when the company works hard to ensure the privacy of the users. Ethical decisions lead to a conflict between the two groups. In this regard, the Apples decision of sticking to its ethics and not implement a backdoor for encrypting iPhone has led to a war with the US government. Managers with such strong ethical choices benefits from the normative strategy. The first is based on the norms and the other based on values for guiding the process of decision-making. Normative ethics makes use of several approaches using which Apple can apply in their managerial practice for guiding the process of ethical decision-making. This includes: The Utilitarian Approach put forward by the philosophers of the nineteenth century. According to this approach, the decision maker considers the impact of every alternative decision on all the parties that leads to the selection of one that optimizes that satisfies the greatest number of people (Rachels Rachels, 2015). Since the actual computations involves complexities therefore simplifying them considered appropriate. Therefore, the decision taken should only consider people who directly get affected by the decision instead of considering the people effected indirectly. The citation of Utilitarian ethic based on the recent trend amongst the companies for policing the personal habits if the employees with and after work hours since they tend to influence the entire workplace. However, there is argument put forward by some of the companies that monitoring imposed on the internet viewership of the employees for maintaining workplace productivity and ethical climate. The Individualism Approach considers acts to be moral when they are able to promote the best long-term interest of the individuals. In this approach, the self-direction of the individuals is paramount and the external force that restricts the self-direction is limited severely. According to individual calculation, the advantage of long-term decision is determined by its goodness (McPherson, 2013). The action intended for producing greater ratio of bad or good for individuals compared to other alternatives determines the right choice. Everyones persuasion of self-direction leads to betterment since people learn in accommodating with each other based on the interest they possess for a long term. Thus, individualism leads to integrity and honesty since they work best in the end. Cheating and lying for attaining immediate self-interest causes business associates in lying and cheating in turn. Therefore, individualism finally leads to behaviour towards the others that fits the standard of behaviour that people wants towards them. The worth of understanding the approach lays in recognizing short-term variations if at all they are proposed. Although people might put forward arguments for the short term, self-interest based on individualism helps in missing the point as individualism is misinterpreted easily for supporting the immediate self-attainment. This is quite unpopular in group oriented and highly organized societies of the present day. On the other hand, the Moral Rights Approach puts forward that human beings possess the liberties and fundamental rights that is not possible to be taken away by the decision of any individual. Therefore, a decision is meant to be ethically correct that helps in maintaining the rights of the people impacted by it (Shaw Barry, 2015). Thus there are six moral rights that needs consideration while the process of decision making. The first represents the right for free consent where treatment of individuals takes place with their consent. The second shows right to privacy where individuals have the choice of doing things away from their work life and thereby have necessary control over the information of their private life. The third represents the right of freedom of conscience where individuals refrain from carrying any order that leads to the violation of their religious or moral norms. The fourth represents the right for free speech where individuals possess the power of truthfully criticizing the legality or ethics relating to others actions. The fifth represents the right to the due process where individual possess the right for a fair treatment and impartial hearing. The sixth represents the right to life and safety where individuals possess the right of living without any violation or endangerment of safety and health. Thus, for making ethical decision it is necessary for the managers to avoid interference with fundamental rights of the others. The right of free speech would helps in supporting the whistle blowers who is responsible for taking inappropriate or illegal actions within the company. The Justice Approach represents those decisions taken morally and based on impartiality, fairness and equity. Three types of Justice exist for the managers to be concerned about. This includes compensatory justice, procedural justice and distributive justice. Distributive justice ensures difference in treatment of the people should not depend on the arbitrary characteristics (Crawshaw, Cropanzano, Bell Nadisic, 2013). Hence, individuals possessing similarities in respect to a particular decision should have similar treatments. Therefore, women and men should receive same salaries if both perform well in the similar job. However, people who differ in a substantial manner in terms of responsibilities or job skills should have different treatment in accordance with the difference in responsibilities or skills amongst them. This difference must possess clear relationship with the organizational tasks and goals. Procedural justice refers to fair administration of rules. Therefore, statem ent of rules should be clear and impartial before being consistently enforced. Compensatory justice puts forward that individuals should receive compensation for their injuries by responsible parties. Further, individuals should not hold responsibility for matters that are without their control. Justice Approach is closer to the thinking that underlines the domain of codified law and it assumes that justice is only applicable through regulations and rules. According to this approach managers defines attributes based on which different treatment for employees are acceptable. This approach helps in justifying the efforts of ethical behaviour in correcting past wrong doings and playing fair under the rules. Thus, most laws guiding the human resource management depends on justice approach. Ethical leaders have remarkable impact on the behaviour of the people in an organization and their achievement. Effective leaders help in focusing and exemplifying to the people that they exist whenever they are required (Brown Trevio, 2014). Once the leaders of the company is on board there arises the necessity of instilling such commitment towards the organization. This might seem to be quite a daunting task at the beginning. Employees also behave in an ethical fashion when informed about required ethical behaviour. This is described in an unambiguous manner that is modelled in a consistent manner at each level of the organization. Thus, ethical leadership refers to the act of consistently acting in a way that helps in earning the trust from the team and helps in empowering the employees in doing their best. Ethical behaviour of leaders also helps in building a community that values encouragement, support and fairness that also helps in winning the trust of the clients. Therefore, the consistent commitment to ethics is not an easy task. However, leaders must adopt some practical ways of integrating their ethical conduct into their management styles and organizations. Conclusion The report ends by throwing a light on the ethical dilemma of Apple, concepts of managerial ethics and their influence on the managerial practices of Apple. The discussion now proceeds with how the leaders can ensure ethical decisions in Apple. This is only possible if the leaders adhered to the higher ethical standards and consistently undertakes decisions that treat everyone with authenticity and respect. Apple must speak out honestly regarding its difficult ethical choices made. The leaders should also be able to openly discuss about the ethically grey areas and acknowledge about the complexity of the work life. The company should follow one on one meetings and an open door policy that will help in valuing the suggestions of the employees. This will also help in building if trust and help in cultivating a respectable ambience where people can talk about ethics. In addition, the leaders of the organization should establish a formal value or ethics statement. Further, the leaders sh ould encourage recognition and ensure rewards for ethical behaviour. Lastly, the leaders of the company should speak about ethics as an ongoing journey of learning. References: Bay, M. (2017). The ethics of unbreakable encryption: Rawlsian privacy and the San Bernardino iPhone.First Monday,22(2). doi.org/10.5210/fm.v22i2.7006 Brown, M. E., Trevio, L. K. (2014). Do role models matter? An investigation of role modeling as an antecedent of perceived ethical leadership.Journal of Business Ethics,122(4), 587-598. doi.org/10.1007/s10551-013-1769-0 Christen, M., Van Schaik, C., Fischer, J., Huppenbauer, M., Tanner, C. (2016).Empirically Informed Ethics: Morality Between Facts and Norms. Springer. Crane, A., Matten, D. (2016).Business ethics: Managing corporate citizenship and sustainability in the age of globalization. Oxford University Press. Crawshaw, J. R., Cropanzano, R., Bell, C. M., Nadisic, T. (2013). Organizational justice: New insights from behavioural ethics.Human relations,66(7), 885-904. doi/abs/10.1177/0018726713485609 Cushman, F., Sheketoff, R., Wharton, S. Carey, S., (2013). The development of intent-based moral judgment.Cognition,127(1), pp.6-21. doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2012.11.008 Egan, G. (2013).The skilled helper: A problem-management and opportunity-development approach to helping. Cengage Learning. Goetsch, D. L., Davis, S. B. (2014).Quality management for organizational excellence. Upper Saddle River, NJ: pearson. Greenbaum, R. L., Quade, M. J., Bonner, J. (2015). Why do leaders practice amoral management? A conceptual investigation of the impediments to ethical leadership.Organizational Psychology Review,5(1), 26-49. doi/abs/10.1177/2041386614533587 Hoffman, W. M., Frederick, R. E., Schwartz, M. S. (Eds.). (2014).Business ethics: Readings and cases in corporate morality. John Wiley Sons. Iphofen, R. (2016).Ethical decision making in social research: A practical guide. Springer. Kane, Y. I. (2015).Haunted Empire: Apple After Steve Jobs. Harper Business. Lee, D. (2016).Apple v the FBI - in plain English.BBC News. Retrieved 18 January 2018, from https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-35601035 McPherson, D. (2013). Vocational virtue ethics: Prospects for a virtue ethic approach to business.Journal of business ethics,116(2), 283-296. doi.org/10.1007/s10551-012-1463-7 Moore, G. (2013). Re-imagining the morality of management: A modern virtue ethics approach. InThe heart of the good institution(pp. 7-34). Springer, Dordrecht. Mylan Traylor, J. (2017). Shedding Light On The" Going Dark" Problem And The Encryption Debate.University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform,50(2). Nagourey, A., Lovett, I., Perezpena, R. (2015).San Bernardino Shooting Kills at Least 14; Two Suspects Are Dead.Nytimes.com. Retrieved 2 January 2018, from https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/03/us/san-bernardino-shooting.html Peregrina, J. (2016). The Backdoor to the Digital Realm. Rachels, J., Rachels, S. (2015). The utilitarian approach.The elements of moral philosophy. 8th ed. Boston: McGraw Hill Education. Schwartz, M. S. (2016). Ethical decision-making theory: An integrated approach.Journal of Business Ethics,139(4), 755-776. Shapiro, J. P., Stefkovich, J. A. (2016).Ethical leadership and decision making in education: Applying theoretical perspectives to complex dilemmas. Routledge. Shaw, W. H., Barry, V. (2015).Moral issues in business. Cengage Learning. Sircar, S. (2017).The Crypto Wars: Interpreting the Privacy Versus National Security Debate from a Standards Perspective. Georgetown University. Weiss, J. W. (2014).Business ethics: A stakeholder and issues management approach. Berrett-Koehler Publishers.

Declaration and Fill Return Investment

Question: Describe about the Declaration and Fill Return Investment. Answer: Lecturing income of S$ 45,000. Lecturing income earned in a private institution in Singapore is income earned in Singapore. Though the income is deposited in a foreign bank account, it regarded as income earned for working in Singapore. Therefore, the income will be taxed and you will be required to make it declaration and fill return. Employment salary earned overseas is not taxed and there is no need to declare. The amount earned from Vietnam by Leonard is not income earned in Singapore though it was received in a Singapore Bank (Minns, 2010). The rental income earned from a property in Australia is only taxed in Australia .This is as a result of the Double Taxation Agreement between Australia and Singapore that remove incidences of individuals being taxed in both countries. The Big Sweep winning is not regarded as income, therefore it not taxed under the Inland Revenue Authority of Singapore. It does not require declaration. Tax liabilities for Leonard Ongs royalties income Amount earned S$52520 Less expense Printing and stationary $15500 Advertisements $ 8600 Legal fees $ 2480 Net income S$ 25940 10% of gross royalty income; 10% *52520= $ 5252 Leonard will pay S$5252 for the Royalties received in the year 2015 because they are lower compared to tax liabilities calculated as 22% of net income of royalties Leonard Income from rental properties for 2016; Rental income for property 1 Rental income $ 4500*12 =54000 Less allowable expenses Property tax 330*12= 3960 Maintenance fee 190*12= 2280 Repairs 1600 Taxable income 46160 Rental income for property 2 Rental income $ 3600*9= $ 32400 Less allowable expenses Property tax 280*9= 2520 Maintenance fee 130*9 = 1170 Renovation 15000 Taxable income $ 13710 Calculation for the share option benefit Bought option shares at S$ 3.50 on July Sold at S$ 5 Benefits [5-3.5]100000 = $ 150000 Tax relief for Leonard Ong Leonard is entitled to S$1000 tax relief for the income earned in Singapore. This relief is to respect of age that is allowed to all employees of age below 55 years. 2. I) In case Leonard contracts critical illness, both life term and whole life insurance policies will be used to payout but in specified sections. He will be paid S$700000 for contracting the illness from the Life term insurance policy. It is within this policy that Leonard has insured against contracting illness. The other policy from the Whole life insurance covers against critical illness only which can be associated with leading to contraction. In this case, he has suffered against accelerated critical illness that has been contracted and he will receive S$70000 pay out from the policy. Therefore, Leonard will receive S$770000 in total form both policies as a result of contracting. Both insurance policies will be valid to payout in this case. S$700000- for contacting major illness S$70000-for accelerated critical illness Total payout-S$700000+S$70000=S$770000 ii) In case Leonard dies in the next year, his beneficiaries will receive payouts from both insurance policies. Leonard will be compensated for both critical illness and for death occurrence. Therefore, they will receive a total of S$2472000 payout from all insurance policies on claim. Also the mortgage term insurance cover for the condominium will be paid out at a discount of 1.5% p.a. Both insurance companies will pay the sum assured since there is no breach of the life insurance policy (Reuvid, 2012). The Term insurance will pay S$ 800000 while the Whole life insurance will pay S$ 90000. S$700000- for contracting critical illness S$70000-for accelerated critical illness S$800000-for life term sum insured S$90000-for whole life sum insured S$812000-for loan insured S$800000+S$90000+S$70000+S$700000+S$812000=S$2472000 Annual compound rate of Leonard from 3 unit trust; Trust A bought 3.60 market value 3.0= -0.60= 3.00/3.60-1=-0.167 Trust B bought 4.70 market value 6.60= 6.60/4.70-1=0.40 Trust C bought at 5.30 market value 8.70= 8.70/5.30-1=0.64 Total compound benefits = -0.16+0.40+0.64=0.88 Percentage gain/ loss from Trust investments; Trust Unit A =3.00/3.60-1=-0.167*100= -16.7% Trust Unit B = 6.60/4.70-1=0.40*100= 40% Trust Unit C= 8.70/5.30-1=0.64*100=64% Total percentage = -16.7%+40%+64%= 88% 3. Though there no provisions in law for wifes maintenance duties toward her husband, in instances of death they exercise duties of maintenance. Wifes has a duty to pay debts and expenses that the husband is obliged to have. She is supposed to verify and settle them as they fall due. Secondly, wifes have a duty to take care of the properties that the husband had accumulated. It the duty of the wife to protect and maintain the existence and continuity of her husbands properties left behind at the time of death. Third, it is the duty of the wife to represent her husband in court cases that the husband left uncompleted. And the fourth duty is to distribute property to the husbands children as the trustee and custodian of the inheritance. The wife has the duty to divide the inheritance of her husband to the children when they reach age of the majority. The age can either be defined on the will or the legal majority age defined in the constitution. ii) Husbands are bound to wife maintenance in respect to terms agreements or court orders. Husband is required by law to maintain their wife and former wifes if divorced. The husband is required to maintain his former wife needs either as a lump sum or periodic. The needs are calculated on the financial needs of the former wife. If the wife has children, the husband is bound to maintenance till the children are of majority age. In most cases where the former wife is allowed share of marital assets by the court, the maintenance costs to the husband are reduced. Therefore, husbands are bound to the maintenance responsibility to their wife legally. In the case of Leonard, he is bound to maintain his former two ex- wives. He pays S$200 to the first wife and S$150 to the second wife as alimony for the marriage they shared with Leonard. b) Settlor- Leonard Ongs lawyer is the settler of the Trust. It is from this lawyer that the trust is legally bidding. He proposed the enactment of the trust. Therefore the lawyer is the settler of the Leonard Trust. Trustee- Koh Wai Eng is the Trustee of the Leonard Ongs Trust. She is the woman that Leonard was looking forward to marry on August. Koh Wai Eng is entrusted with the Leonards property for pay debts and expenses as they fall due. She is also entrusted with dividing the property to Leonards children when they turn 21year of age. Beneficiaries- kon Wai Eng who is also the trustee, is the current beneficiary. She will be privileged to own the properties for the years till Leonards children are of majority age. Lynette On, Bridget Ong and Daphne Ong are the beneficiaries of the Trust. Three who are children to Leonard are bestowed as beneficiaries of their fathers inheritance which they will get on attainment of 21 years of age. C). i) The Intestate Succession Act Chapter 146 section 7 will be used to distribute Leonard Ongs estate. Leonard did not leave a will but left a spouse and children. It is from this law that the estate of Leonard will be determined on how to be distributed among the beneficiaries. According to Baiross (2016), in absence of a will, law will take course to distribute estate in a predetermined equitable manner. ii) The following persons will be entitled to Leonard Estate; Kon Wai Eng, Lynette Ong Daphene Ong Bridget Ong Lynette Ong, Daphne Ong, Bridget Ong are the children of Leonard and will be entitled to half share of the estate (Tan Tan, 2011). According to the Intestate law, the spouse will take and the children the other of the total estates that were not indicated in a will. References Baiross, M. (2016). In the absence of a will, how is the deceased's estate distributed? | SingaporeLegalAdvice.com. SingaporeLegalAdvice.com. Retrieved 23 September 2016, from https://singaporelegaladvice.com/law-articles/in-the-absence-of-a-will-how-is-the-deceased-estate-distributed/ Beach, J. (2016). Singapore-Australia Double Taxation Agreement (DTA) | Brief Overview. Guidemesingapore.com. Retrieved 23 September 2016, from https://www.guidemesingapore.com/taxation/double-tax-treaties/singapore-australia-dta Deductions for Individuals (Reliefs, Expenses, Donations) - IRAS. (2016). Iras.gov.sg. Retrieved 23 September 2016, from https://www.iras.gov.sg/irashome/Individuals/Locals/Working-Out-Your-Taxes/Deductions-for-Individuals--Reliefs--Expenses--Donations-/ GAHVARI, F. (2014). Second-Best Taxation of Incomes and Non-Labor Inputs in a Model with Endogenous Wages. Journal Of Public Economic Theory, 16(6), 917-935. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jpet.12088 Intestate Succession Act. (2016). Nslegislature.ca. Retrieved 23 September 2016, from https://nslegislature.ca/legc/statutes/intestat.htm Joulfaian, D. Inheritance and Saving. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.909307 Minns, S. (2010). The 2010 guide to private banking and wealth management in Asia. London: Euromoney Institutional Investor PLC. Overseas Income Received in Singapore - IRAS. (2016). Iras.gov.sg. Retrieved 23 September 2016, from https://www.iras.gov.sg/IRASHome/Individuals/Locals/Working-Out-Your-Taxes/What-is-Taxable-What-is-Not/Overseas-Income-Received-in-Singapore/ Reuvid, J. (2009). The handbook of personal wealth management. London: Kogan Page. Reuvid, J. (2012). The handbook of personal wealth management. London: Kogan Page. Singapore Statutes Online - 146 - Intestate Succession Act. (2016). Statutes.agc.gov.sg. Retrieved 23 September 2016, from https://statutes.agc.gov.sg/aol/search/display/view.w3p;page=0;query=DocId%3A9ce463a4-f756-40c3-8503-9de6a25884c0%20%20Status%3Ainforce%20Depth%3A0;rec=0 Tan, C. Tan, C. (2011). Financial services and wealth management in Singapore. Singapore: Ridge Books.